Figure 1.

Variation in flight activity of adult H. armigera from China characterized using tethered flight. (A) Diagram of tethered flight mill system for quantifying flight behaviour in noctuid moths. Upper panel shows single H. armigera female attached to the handle ‘in‐flight’. (B) Variation in the total distance flown by the four Chinese populations. Each bin represents 1000 metres flown during the course of a single night. The origin of each insect is given according to the colour code highlighted. (C) Box plots of the total distance flown by the four populations from China (Dafeng, n = 27; Anyang, n = 19; Jingzhou, n = 8; Qiuxian, n = 19).