Table 2.
Associations between depressive profiles and risk factors
| A: School sample (N = 1504) | Moderatedepressive (9%) B (SE) | Depressive (3%) B (SE) | Comorbid (4%) B (SE) | Depressive comorbid (1%) B (SE) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender proportions | 57% female | 61% female | 47% female | 43% female |
| Gendera | .480 (.220)* | .708 (.338)* | −.024 (.349) | −.225 (.541) |
| Attainment | −.405 (.130)** | −.090 (.222) | −.903 (.209)*** | −.228 (.363) |
| IQb | −.023 (.013) | .012 (.024) | −.081 (.022)*** | −.041 (.026) |
| Maternal hostility | .215 (.024)*** | .309 (.035)*** | .216 (.034)*** | .483 (.061)*** |
| B: Twin sample (N = 2001) |
Moderate depressive (16%) B (SE) |
Depressive (4%) B (SE) |
Comorbid (2%) B (SE) |
High depressive (1%) B (SE) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender proportions | 62% female | 53% female | 49% female | 68% female |
| Gendera | .260 (.148)† | −.102 (.247) | −.268 (.327) | .517 (.459) |
| Age (months) | .002 (.003) | −.004 (.004) | −.013 (.007)† | .016 (.008)* |
The normative profile is the reference group, analyses included all 8 profiles.
a
0 = boys 1 = girls.
b
IQ was included in a separate model (N = 1016) to attainment as these were highly correlated (r = .831) results for gender and maternal hostility revealed the same pattern of results in both models, with the exception that gender was no longer significantly associated with the moderate‐depressive profile for the IQ model, although the estimates were similar (B = .449, SE = .279; result available from the first author).
† p < .1; *p < .05; ** p < .01; *** p < .001.