Table 3. CCHFV experimental infection in birds.
Reports of experimental infection in birds are limited to a few independent investigations. Viremia was undetectable in most species, with the notable exceptions of guinea fowl and ostriches. Clinical signs were not reported in any animals.
| Common name | Taxonomic name | Virus strain | Route | Viremia | Antibody response | Year | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Red-billed hornbill | Tockus sp. (Aves/Bucerotiformes) | HD 49199 | IP | No viremia detected, but transmitted virus to naïve ticks | Yes | 1994 | (67) |
| Laughing dove | Spilopelia senegalensis (Aves/Columbiformes) | HD 49199 | IP | No viremia | No | 1994 | (67) |
| Rock dove | Columba livia (Aves/Columbiformes) | NR | NR | No viremia | No | 1969–1972 | (61–63) |
| Chicken | Gallus gallus (Aves/Galliformes) | HD 49199 | IP | No viremia | Yes (in 1 of 6 animals) | 1994 | (67) |
| Chicken | Gallus gallus (Aves/Galliformes) | SPU 4/81 | SC/IM/IV | No viremia | No | 1987 | (64) |
| Blue-helmeted guinea fowl | Numida meleagris (Aves/Galliformes) | SPU 4/81 | SC/IM/IV | 3-week-old and adult birds similar, low-level viremia in 10–20% of animals; most refractory | Yes, beginning 5–6 dpi | 1987 | (64) |
| Glossy starling | Lamprotornis sp. (Aves/Passeriformes) | HD 49199 | IP | No viremia | Yes | 1994 | (67) |
| Rook | Corvus frugilegus (Aves/Passeriformes) | NR | NR | No viremia | No | 1969–1972 | (61–63) |
| Ostrich | Struthio camelus (Aves/Struthioniformes) | SPU 4/81 | SC | Viremia 1–4 dpi (max 1 × 104 LD50/mL at 2 dpi); virus detected in spleen, liver, kidney (up to 5 dpi) | Yes | 1998 | (69) |
Abbreviations: dpi, days post infection; IM, intramuscular; IP, intraperitoneal; IV, intravenous; NR, not reported; SC, subcutaneous.