Table 5.
Psychological positive health in women and men, separated by the presence or absence of fibromyalgia.
| Fibromyalgia | P | Effect size | Nonfibromyalgia | P | Effect size | P interaction | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Women (n = 354) | Men (n = 21) | Women (n = 219) | Men (n = 50) | ||||||
| Mean (SE) | Mean (SE) | Mean (SE) | Mean (SE) | ||||||
| LOTR | |||||||||
| Optimism (0–12) | 6.9 (0.1) | 6.2 (0.6) | 0.240 | 0.27 | 8.3 (0.2) | 8.5 (0.4) | 0.768 | 0.05 | 0.186 |
| Pessimism (0–12) | 6.6 (0.1) | 5.8 (0.6) | 0.199 | 0.29 | 7.5 (0.2) | 7.4 (0.4) | 0.770 | 0.05 | 0.404 |
| PANAS | |||||||||
| Positive affect (10–50) | 22.7 (0.4) | 21.8 (1.5) | 0.560 | 0.13 | 30.9 (0.6) | 30.3 (1.2) | 0.648 | 0.07 | 0.898 |
| Negative affect (10–50) | 24.6 (0.5) | 27.5 (1.9) | 0.139 | 0.34 | 17.8 (0.4) | 16.3 (0.9) | 0.131 | 0.24 | 0.049 |
| SWLS | |||||||||
| Satisfaction with life (5–25) | 14.0 (0.2) | 13.1 (1.0) | 0.402 | 0.19 | 17.9 (0.3) | 17.6 (0.6) | 0.615 | 0.08 | 0.536 |
| TMMS | |||||||||
| Emotional repair (8–40) | 22.9 (0.4) | 20.3 (1.6) | 0.130 | 0.34 | 26.9 (0.5) | 27.0 (1.1) | 0.954 | 0.01 | 0.206 |
LOT-R, Life Orientation Test Revised. PANAS, Positive and Negative Affect Schedule. SE, standard error. SWLS, Satisfaction with Life Scale. TMMS, Trait Metamood Scale. Differences between women and men groups were performed using linear regression with marital status and current occupational status entered as covariates in fibromyalgia, whereas marital status, current occupational status, and body mass index were used in nonfibromyalgia participants. Effect size statistics are expressed as Cohen's d.