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. 2016 Nov 10;10:571. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00571

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Copyright © 2016 Loonen and Ivanova.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The network that regulates circadian rhythms. Retinal fibers are directly connected to the suprachiasmatic nucleus and thalamus. The suprachiasmatic nucleus is connected to the paraventricular nucleus, which influences endocrine and sympathetic activity. Sympathetic fibers from the superior cervical ganglion regulate melatonin secretion from the epiphysis. 1, retina; 2, suprachiasmatic nucleus; 3, paraventricular nucleus; 4, thalamus; 5, pineal gland; 6, raphe nuclei; 7, superior cervical ganglion. Red, orange, and blue arrows, undetermined neurochemically.