Figure 1. Shedding of NDV vaccine viruses after vaccination of cockatiels (experiments 1 & 2).

During two experiments, groups of six cockatiels were either vaccinated with a mixture of rNDV/PaBV-4/N and rNDV/PaBV-4/P vectors (vaccine groups) or received rNDV-wt (control group) and combined pharyngeal and cloacal swabs were collected at the indicated time points after vaccination. (a) In experiment 1, infectious NDV was detected by virus titration. (b,c) Vector-derived PaBV-4 P RNA originating from rNDV/PaBV-4/P in experiment 1 (b) or experiment 2 (c) was quantified by RT-qPCR. Positions of the X axes indicate the detection limits of the respective tests.