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. 2016 Aug 17;12(11):2009–2025. doi: 10.1080/15548627.2016.1215382

Figure 3.

Figure 3.

Hypothalamic AMPK regulates Npy and Pomc expression in response to low glucose availability. (A) Npy and Pomc mRNA expression levels in hypothalamic neuronal cells were measured by quantitative real-time PCR. N41 and N43/5 cells were treated with AICAR (0.5 mM) for 12 h (*, p< 0.05; **, p < 0.01 for vehicle [Veh] vs. AICAR; N41: n = 6, N43/5: n = 9). (B) Levels of Npy and Pomc mRNA in N41 and N43/5 cells treated with 2DG (20 mM) or glucose-free medium (0 mM glucose) with or without compound C (Com C; 16 μM) for 4 h (**, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001 for vehicle [Veh] vs. compound C; ##, p < 0.01; ###, p < 0.001 for 25 mM glucose vs. 2DG or glucose-free medium in vehicle-treated groups; n.s., not significant for 25 mM glucose vs. 2DG or glucose-free medium in compound C-treated groups; N41: n = 7 or 8, N43/5: n = 6-8). (C) Prkaa1 and Prkaa2 mRNA expression levels in hypothalamic neuronal cells were measured by quantitative real-time PCR. Cells were infected with lentiviruses containing control (shCont) or both Prkaa1 and Prkaa2 (shAmpk) shRNAs (###, p < 0.001 for shCont vs. shAmpk; N41: n = 6, N43/5: n = 8). (D) Npy and Pomc mRNA expression levels in hypothalamic neuronal cells measured by quantitative real-time PCR. Cells were infected as in (C) and then 2DG or glucose-free medium was given for 4 h (**, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001 for shCont vs. shAmpk; ##, p < 0.01; ###, p < 0.001 for 25 mM glucose vs. 2DG or glucose-free medium in the shCont group; ††, p < 0.01; †††, p < 0.001; n.s. for 25 mM glucose vs. 2DG or glucose-free medium in the shAmpk group; N41: n = 6, N43/5: n = 4–6).