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. 2016 Nov 9;16:243. doi: 10.1186/s12862-016-0794-x

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© The Author(s). 2016

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 2 — Cleavage patterns and cell lineages involved in embryogenesis of Astrephomene. Based on time-lapse analyses of two views of embryos (Additional files 2 and 4). Images in each row are shown at the same magnification. Scale bars: 5 μm. Successive lateral view a–e and posterior view f–j images are shown, together with diagrams. Outlines of daughter protoplasts were traced from images in different focal planes taken during a 1-min period. The cleavage pattern was 180° rotationally symmetrical about the longitudinal axis of the embryo. Four posterior somatic cells in the newly formed colony (1 pp, 2 pp, 1 pp’, and 2 pp’ cells in e, j) were derived from two diagonally opposite cells in four-celled embryos (A and A’ cells in a, f) and four peripheral cells in 16-celled embryos (A1, A2, A1’, and A2’ cells in c, h)