Table 1.

Univariate comparison of patient and tumor characteristics of cT2N0 esophagectomy patients that were either pathologically down- or same-staged (n=387) or upstaged (n=326).

Variable	Upfront Surgery Patients that Were Down or Same-Staged (n=387)	Upfront Surgery Patients that Were Upstaged (n=326)	P value
Age	65.9 ± 10.6	65.2 ± 11.2	0.39
Gender (male)	310 (80.1%)	277 (85.0%)	0.09
Race (Caucasian)	350 (92.1%)	298 (92.5%)	0.83
Distance from treatment center (miles)	49.2 ± 145.4	49.0 ± 111.2	0.98
Patient Location
<250,000	99 (27.5%)	95 (31.1%)	0.30
≥250,000	261 (72.5%)	210 (68.9%)
Education
≥21% in zip code without high school diploma	57 (15.3%)	43 (13.7%)	0.55
Income (<$38,000)	44 (11.8%)	45 (14.3%)	0.32
Insurance
None	7 (1.8%)	8 (2.5%)	0.83
Private	149 (38.8%)	123 (38.2%)
Government*	228 (59.4%)	191 (59.3%)
Facility Type
Non-academic	166 (42.9%)	133 (40.8%)	0.57
Academic	221 (57.1%)	193 (59.2%)
Charlson/Deyo Score
0	265 (68.5%)	213 (65.3%)	0.64
1	93 (24.0%)	84 (25.8%)
≥2	29 (7.5%)	29 (8.9%)
Year of Diagnosis
2006	51 (13.2%)	38 (11.7%)	0.002
2007	56 (14.5%)	40 (12.3%)
2008	93 (24.0%)	72 (22.1%)
2009	97 (25.1%)	53 (16.3%)
2010	37 (9.6%)	47 (14.4%)
2011	32 (8.3%)	41 (12.6%)
2012	21 (5.4%)	35 (10.7%)
Tumor Grade
Well differentiated	44 (12.1%)	7 (2.3%)	<0.001
Moderately differentiated	186 (51.0%)	117 (37.7%)
Poorly differentiated	128 (35.1%)	177 (57.1%)
Undifferentiated	7 (1.9%)	9 (2.9%)
Histology (adenocarcinoma)	277 (75.9%)	217 (78.1%)	0.52
Tumor size	35.9 ± 74.9	42.4 ± 57.6	0.22
Lymphovascular Invasion	14 (17.7%)	60 (57.1%)	<0.001
Days from diagnosis to surgery	56.3 ± 44.8	51.6 ± 41.4	0.15
Number of regional lymph nodes examined	14.3 ± 10.8	18.0 ± 11.8	<0.001
Number of positive lymph nodes	0	2.7 ± 4.7	<0.001

^*Government insurance includes Medicare, Medicaid, or other government insurance plans.