Table I.
Studies reviewed, including patient clinical characteristics.
| Author, year | Age (years) | Gender | Underlying disease | Sites of infection | Treatment (drug susceptibility) | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Praveen et al, 2014 | 60 | Male | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, trauma | Lymphocutaneous | TMP-SMX: No clinical improvement. Amikacin + linezolid for 4 weeks: Clinical improvement. Oral linezolid for 8 weeks (susceptible to amikacin, minocycline and linezolid. | (3) |
| Ramamoorthi et al, 2011 | 36 | Female | Health no trauma | Lung | Cotrimaxazole for 6 months. | (4) |
| Chen et al, 2011 | 51 | Male | Health trauma | Subcutaneous, soft tissue | TMP-SMX and repeated debridement. | (5) |
| Betran et al, 2010 | 57 | Male | DM and thrombocytopenia treated with corticosteroid | Cavitary pneumonia | TMP-SMX (susceptible to amikacin, gentamycin and TMP-SMX. | (6) |
| Pelaez et al, 2009 | 85 | Female | Hypertension coronary disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | Lung, pyothorax, brain | TMP-SMX and imipenem for 10 days: Tonic-clonic convulsions. Oral linezolid for 1 week: Anemia and thrombocytopenia. | (7) |
| Thoms et al, 2007 | 55 | Male | Health no trauma | Cutaneous nodules and abscesses | Amikacin and imipenem for 4 weeks. TMP-SMX for 1 year (according to susceptibility testing). | (8) |
| Sharma et al, 2007 | 36 | Female | Sickle cell anemia and end-stage renal disease, no trauma | Lung | Intravenous TMP-SMX for 2 weeks. Amikacin and oral gaitifloxacin for 2 weeks. Oral gaitifloxacin for 7 months (sensitive to amikacin, ciprofloxacin, gaitifloxacin, clarithromycin, gentamicin, kanamycin, tobramycin, sulfisoxazole and linezolid). | (9) |
| Fabre et al, 2005 | 70 | Male | Rheumatoid arthritis treated with infliximab and prednisone, trauma | Subcutaneous, soft tissue ulcer | Ofloxacin and clindamycin for 3 months. | (10) |
| Yoshida et al, 2004 | 69 | Male | Rheumatoid vasculitis with prednisone | Pyothorax | Imipen, minocyclin and TMP-SMX: Clinical improvement. Levofloxacin and gentamicin sulfate (susceptibility to levofloxacin and gentamicin sulfate, TMP-SMX and erythromycin intermediate). | (11) |
| Hemmersbach et al, 2004 | 44 | Male | DM, previous tuberculosis renal transplant (3 years prior) | Brain, subcutaneous, soft tissue | TMP-SMX (susceptibility to TMP-SMX, gentamicin, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and doxycycline. Resistance to cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, imipenem and tobramycin, amikacin was not tested). | (12) |
| Dikensoy et al, 2004 | 65 | Male | Immune competent | Lung | Amikacin and TMP-SMX for 20 days: Duodenal ulcer perforation. TMP-SMX for 4 months (sensitive to TMP-SMX, amikacine and tobramycin only). | (13) |
| Jennifer et al, 2002 | 77 | Male | Rheumatoid arthritis with prednisoline trauma | Subcutaneous, soft tissue | Minocycline for 2 weeks, clarithromycin for 6 months (intermediate sensitivity to minocyline, sensitive to clarithromycin). | (14) |
| Wada et al, 2002 | 69 | Female | Health trauma | Subcutaneous, soft tissue | TMP-SMX for 6 months. | (15) |
| Duran et al, 2001 | 21 | Male | Intravenous drug abuser | Brain | Ceftriaxone for 20 days: Lesion increased. Cefotaxamine and metronidazole, imipenem and TMP-SMX for 45 days: Improvement, oral TMP-SMX and 6 months (resistance to penicillin, second and third generation cephalosporins, erythromycin and vancomycin, sensitive to aminoglycoside, TMP-SMX, ciprofloxacin, intermediate susceptibility to imipenem and minocyte). | (16) |
| Hartmann et al, 2000 | 50 | Female | Renal transplantation with prednisoline | Brain | Meopenem and rifampicin for 6 weeks. Oral ciprofloxacin and rifampicin for 2 months. | (17) |
| Taniguchi et al, 1998 | 76 | Male | Tuberculosis chronic respiratory infection | Lung | Imipenem and oral minocycline: Responded poorly. TMP-SMX: Improvement (susceptible to minocycline, TMP-SMX, tobramycin, clindamycin, kanamycin and netilmycin). | (18) |
| Sandre et al, 1997 | 59 | Male | AIDS | Chest wall abscesses, bilateral pulmonary infiltrates intra-abdominal mass | TMP-SMX and amikacin and surgical debridement. | (19) |
| Mereghetti et al, 1997 | 31 | Male | Health trauma | Subcutaneous, soft tissue | TMP-SMX and imipenem for 3 week. TMP-SMX for 3 weeks (resistant to penicillins, cephalosporins, quinolones, erythromycin, clindamycin, tetracycline chloramphenicol, fosfomycin, vancomycin, tobramycin and gentamicin; sensitive to TMP-SMX, imipenem, amikacin and kanamycin). | (20) |
| Suzuki et al, 1995 | 78 | Female | Therapy with prednisolone for bronchial asthma unknown | Subcutaneous | Minocycline, doxycycline and ofloxacin. | (21) |
| Clark et al, 1995 | 86 | Male | Health trauma | Subcutaneous, soft tissue | TMP-SMX for 10 weeks (susceptibility to aminoglycoside, TMP-SMX, ceftraxone and imipenem). | (22) |
| Castelli et al, 1994 | 31 | Male | Intravenous drug abuser AIDS trauma | Subcutaneous, soft tissue | TMP-SMX. | (23) |
| Yang et al, 1993 | 36 | Male | Unknown | Subcutaneous, soft tissue | TMP-SMX for 5 months. | (24) |
| Simmons et al, 1992 | 60 | Male | Heart transplant | Lung, subcutaneous, soft tissue | TMP-SMX for 10 days: No response. Ciprofloxacin for 24 days: No improvement. Imipenem/cilastatin and TMP-SMX and doxycycline for 14 days: Improvement. Imipenem/cilastatin and TMP-SMX and doxycycline for 14 days. Doxycycline for another 2 months (susceptibility to ciprofloxacin, amikacin, tetracycline and imipenem; resistant to TMP-SMX, methoxazole, cefriaxone, cefoxitin and amoxicillin/clavulanate. | (25) |
TMP-SMX, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole; DM, diabetes, mellitus; AIDS, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.