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. 2016 Aug 23;12(5):3143–3152. doi: 10.3892/ol.2016.5040

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Copyright: © Vu Van et al.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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Figure 4. — Correlation of urinary midkine level with tumor stage. Following the histopathological examination of the resected tumor tissue, bladder cancer patients were classified regarding their tumor stage as pTa, pTIS, pT1 or ≥pT2a. Patients with pTIS only, as well as patients with tumors that showed concomitant pTIS (with the exception of ≥pT2a/pTIS), formed the pTIS group. The control group included patients with chronic cystitis, renal cell carcinoma, cystic disease and nephrolithiasis. The table shows the total number of patients per group as well as the corresponding median midkine levels. Data were normalized to urinary creatinine (µg/g creatinine). P<0.05 was considered statistically significant (Mann Whitney U test). TIS, carcinoma in situ.