Table IV.
Combinatory utility of MDK and VUC for the diagnosis of bladder cancer.a
| Diagnostic performance | VUC onlyb | MDK onlyc | VUC and MDKd | VUC and/or MDKe |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sensitivity, % | 87.6 | 69.7 | 64.0 | 93.3 |
| Specificity, % | 87.7 | 77.9 | 98.5 | 66.2 |
| PPV, % | 90.7 | 80.5 | 98.3 | 79.0 |
| NPV, % | 83.8 | 64.9 | 66.7 | 87.8 |
| pLR | 7.1 | 3.0 | 41.6 | 2.8 |
| nLR | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.1 |
| Accuracy, % | 87.7 | 72.7 | 78.6 | 81.8 |
Diagnostic sensitivity and specificity, PPV, NPV, pLR, nLR and accuracy of urinary MDK and VUC were calculated when tested independently or in combination. Patients with a suspicious VUC in combination with urine MDK > the cut-off value of 0.71 µg/g creatinine (variant 1) or patients with a suspicious VUC and/or urine MDK > the cut-off value (variant 2) were allocated to show a positive test result. Histopathological examination of the resected tumor tissue served as a reference standard to define the disease status of the patient.
VUC was available for only 154 patients and control samples
Cut-off value of urine midkine, 0.71 µg/g creatinine
Variant 1, VUC positive and urine midkine > the cut-off value
Variant 2, VUC positive and/or urine midkine > the cut-off value. MDK, midkine; VUC, voided urine cytology; PPV, positive predictive value; NPV, negative predictive value; pLR, positive likelihood ratio; nLR, negative likelihood ratio.