Table II.

Association between clinicopathological characteristics and depth of tumor invasion in 78 gastrointestinal NET patients.

Parameter	Patients, n	Submucosal NETs, n (%)	Deeper invasion NETs, n (%)	P-value
Gender				0.350
Male	42	11 (45.8)	31 (57.4)
Female	36	13 (54.2)	23 (42.6)
Age, years				0.409
>30	6	1 (4.2)	5 (9.3)
31–60	33	14 (58.3)	19 (35.2)
>60	39	9 (37.5)	30 (55.6)
Tumor location				0.026
Esophagus	11	2 (8.3)	9 (16.7)
Duodenum	6	2 (8.3)	4 (7.4)
Stomach	30	6 (25.0)	24 (44.4)
Colon	6	0 (0.0)	6 (11.1)
Rectum	23	14 (58.3)	9 (16.7)
Appendix	2	0 (0.0)	2 (3.7)
Histopathological classification				<0.001
NET G1	20	20 (83.3)	0 (0.0)
NET G2	29	3 (12.5)	26 (48.1)
NEC	9	0 (0.0)	9 (16.7)
MANEC	20	1 (4.2)	19 (35.2)
Tumor diameter, mm				<0.001
≤10.0	20	20 (83.3)	0 (0.0)
>10.0	58	4 (16.7)	54 (100.0)
Macroscopic appearance				<0.001
0-Is type	18	18 (75.0)	0 (0.0)
0-Is+IIc type	6	6 (25.0)	0 (0.0)
Bormann's I type	18	0 (0.0)	18 (33.3)
Bormann's II type	13	0 (0.0)	13 (24.1)
Bormann's I+II type	11	0 (0.0)	11 (20.4)
Bormann's III type	9	0 (0.0)	9 (16.7)
Bormann's IV type	3	0 (0.0)	3 (5.6)
Growth pattern				<0.001
Expansive	9	9 (37.5)	0 (0.0)
Infiltrative	69	15 (62.5)	54 (100.0)
Lymphatic-vascular involvement				<0.001
Absent	20	15 (62.5)	5 (9.3)
Present	58	9 (37.5)	49 (90.7)
lymph node metastasis				<0.001
Negative	28	19 (79.2)	9 (16.7)
Positive	50	5 (20.8)	45 (83.3)
Distant metastasis				0.001
pM0	54	23 (95.8)	31 (57.4)
pM1	24	1 (4.2)	23 (42.6)

NET, neuroendocrine tumor; NEC, neuroendocrine carcinoma; MANEC, mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma.