Table 4. Risk factors for arteriovenous graft dysfunction among maintenance hemodialysis patients.
| Covariate | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis |
|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | |
| Sex (Male v Female) | 1.010 (0.947–1.078) | 0.989 (0.925–1.056) |
| Age at initiation of Dialysis | ||
| 18–44 (Reference) | 1 | 1 |
| 45–64 | 1.056 (0.927–1.202) | 1.126 (0.988–1.285) |
| ≥ 65 | 1.137 (1.002–1.290)* | 1.207 (1.061–1.373)* |
| Time of vascular access creation | ||
| After initiating dialysis (Reference) | 1 | 1 |
| 0–1 month before dialysis | 0.923 (0.855–0.997)* | 0.966 (0.894–1.044) |
| More than 1 month before dialysis | 0.766 (0.706–0.831)* | 0.857 (0.789–0.931)* |
| Comorbidities | ||
| Diabetic Mellitus (yes vs. no) | 1.072 (1.006–1.141)* | 1.143 (1.068–1.223)* |
| Hypertension (yes vs. no) | 0.974 (0.898–1.055) | 1.064 (0.977–1.159) |
| Coronary Artery Disease (yes vs. no) | 1.000 (0.933–1.072) | 1.018 (0.947–1.093)* |
| Ischemic Cerebrovascular disease (yes vs. no) | 1.079 (0.957–1.217) | 1.073 (0.950–1.212) |
| Deep venous thrombosis (yes vs. no) | 1.339 (0.973–1.743) | 1.374 (0.998–1.863) |
| Peripheral artery disease (yes vs. no) | 1.058 (0.896–1.480) | 1.047 (0.886–1.237) |
| Dyslipidemia (yes vs. no) | 0.979 (0.900–1.065) | 1.038 (0.952–1.132) |
| Hyperuricemia (yes vs. no) | 1.024 (0.935–1.121) | 1.081 (0.984–1.187) |
| Chronic liver disease (yes vs. no) | 0.954 (0.857–1.061) | 1.010 (0.931–1.096) |
| Drug Usage | ||
| ACE-I (yes vs. no) | 0.407 (0.354–0.468)* | 0.557 (0.482–0.643)* |
| ARB (yes vs. no) | 0.396 (0.347–0.452)* | 0.536 (0.467–0.614)* |
| CCB (yes vs. no) | 0.400 (0.369–0.434)* | 0.482 (0.442–0.526)* |
ACE-I: angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB: angiotensin receptor blocker; CCB: calcium channel blocker.
*indicates a significant difference (p<0.05).