Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants and comparison by the 3-year incident major osteoporotic fracture status*.
| Characteristics | Total participants (n = 3985) | Major osteoporotic fracturea
|
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No (n = 3594) | Yes (n = 149) | p-Value | ||
| Age: mean (SD), years | 69.4 (8.89) | 69.1 (8.71) | 71.3 (9.43) | 0.002b |
| BMI: mean (SD), kg/m2 | 27.7 (5.77) | 27.7 (5.73) | 27.5 (5.74) | 0.53b |
| Smoker, n (%) | ||||
| Yes | 447 (11.30) | 393 (11.01) | 15 (10.20) | 0.76c |
| No | 3510 (88.70) | 3178 (88.99) | 132 (89.80) | |
| Drinking (drinks/week), n (%) | ||||
| 0 | 2027 (51.21) | 1809 (50.63) | 84 (57.14) | 0.58d |
| 7 | 1414 (35.73) | 1299 (36.36) | 42 (28.57) | |
| 7–13 | 428 (10.81) | 389 (10.89) | 16 (10.88) | |
| 14–20 | 76 (1.92) | 66 (1.85) | 4 (2.72) | |
| >20 | 13 (0.33) | 10 (0.28) | 1 (0.68) | |
| Race, n (%) | ||||
| White | 3717 (93.27) | 3374 (93.88) | 138 (92.62) | 0.53c |
| Non-white | 268 (6.73) | 220 (6.12) | 11 (7.38) | |
| Education, n (%) | ||||
| High school or less | 2509 (64.10) | 2239 (63.36) | 97 (66.44) | 0.45c |
| More than high school | 1405 (35.90) | 1295 (36.64) | 49 (33.56) | |
| Prior fractures since 45 years old, n (%) | ||||
| Yes | 862 (22.31) | 737 (21.11) | 52 (35.86) | <0.001c |
| No | 3001 (77.69) | 2754 (78.89) | 93 (64.14) | |
| Parental hip fracture, n (%) | ||||
| Yes | 599 (15.88) | 534 (15.67) | 33 (23.40) | 0.014c |
| No | 3173 (84.12) | 2874 (84.33) | 108 (76.60) | |
| Rheumatoid arthritis, n (%) | ||||
| Yes | 447 (11.57) | 383 (10.97) | 26 (18.06) | 0.008c |
| No | 3418 (88.43) | 3107 (89.03) | 118 (81.94) | |
| Use of glucocorticoids, n (%) | ||||
| Yes | 141 (3.63) | 121 (3.45) | 10 (6.90) | 0.029c |
| No | 3748 (96.37) | 3387 (96.55) | 135 (93.10) | |
| Secondary osteoporosis, n (%) | ||||
| Yes | 931 (24.21) | 827 (23.83) | 43 (30.07) | 0.087c |
| No | 2914 (75.79) | 2644 (76.17) | 100 (69.93) | |
| FRAXe: mean (SD) | ||||
| All participants (n = 2847) | 0.16 (0.099) | 0.16 (0.098) | 0.20 (0.11) | <0.001b |
| Low-risk (n = 929) | 0.075 (0.015) | 0.075 (0.015) | 0.079 (0.015) | – |
| Medium-risk (n = 1159) | 0.15 (0.029) | 0.14 (0.029) | 0.16 (0.028) | – |
| High-risk (n = 759) | 0.29 (0.089) | 0.29 (0.089) | 0.31 (0.091) | – |
| FI: mean (SD) | ||||
| All participants (n = 3985) | 0.24 (0.13) | 0.24 (0.13) | 0.28 (0.15) | <0.001b |
| Low-risk (n = 1749) | 0.12 (0.047) | 0.12 (0.047) | 0.13 (0.049) | – |
| Medium-risk (n = 1357) | 0.27 (0.043) | 0.27 (0.043) | 0.27 (0.044) | – |
| High-risk (n = 879) | 0.44 (0.073) | 0.44 (0.072) | 0.46 (0.086) | – |
SD: standard deviation; BMI: body mass index; FRAX: fracture risk assessment tool; FI: frailty index.
*
Mean follow-up = 3.01 years.
a
Hip, upper arm or shoulder, spine, or wrist.
b
Student’s t-test.
c
Chi-square test.
d
Mantel–Haenszel Chi-square test.
e
Baseline FRAX scores of 10-year risk of major osteoporotic fractures.