Table 2.

Comparison of prediction and model performances between FI and FRAX in 3-year risk of major osteoporotic fracture.

Model	Major osteoporotic fracturea (n = 149)
	HR (95% CI), p-value	C-index	p-Value for goodness of fit test
Models with per-0.01 increment
FRAX	1.03 (1.02–1.05), <0.001	0.62	0.15
FIb	1.02 (1.01–1.04), <0.001	0.61	0.85
Models with categorized groups
FRAXc
Medium-risk		N/Ae	N/Ae
<365 days	1.33 (0.75–2.38), 0.34
365–550 days	1.28 (0.62–2.65), 0.51
>550 days	2.00 (1.09–3.68), 0.026
High-risk
<365 days	1.73 (0.78–3.87), 0.18
365–550 days	1.66 (0.80–3.44), 0.17
>550 days	2.61 (1.48–4.58), 0.001
FIb,d
Medium-risk	1.23 (0.82–1.84), 0.31	0.61	0.22
<365 days	1.10 (0.69–1.75), 0.70
365–550 days	1.47 (0.81–2.67), 0.21
>550 days	1.84 (1.16–2.93), 0.009
High-risk	2.04 (1.36–3.07), 0.001
<365 days	1.62 (0.85–3.09), 0.15
365–550 days	1.27 (0.81–2.01), 0.30
>550 days	2.14 (1.20–3.82), 0.006

HR: hazard ratio; CI: confidence interval; FRAX: fracture risk assessment tool; FI: frailty index.

^aHip, upper arm or shoulder, spine, or wrist.

^bAdjusted for age.

^cLow-risk group taken as reference group; the cut-points were 10% and 20% for major osteoporotic fracture; comparisons of high-risk versus low-risk and medium-risk versus low-risk group were within the same follow-up duration strata.

^dLow-risk group taken as reference group; the cut-points were 0.20 and 0.35 for major osteoporotic fracture; comparisons of high-risk versus low-risk and medium-risk versus low-risk group were within the same follow-up duration strata.

^eNo estimation of c index or goodness of fit test conducted due to time-varying variable included in the model.