EGF and EGFR axis. Intrarenal EGF expression is decreased due to tubular injury, and decreased urine EGF excretion is a better biomarker for CKD progression. Although EGFR activation promotes cell proliferation and regeneration, activated EGFR may induce interstitial fibrosis or hypertension. EGF, epidermal growth factor; EGFR, EGF receptor; CKD, chronic kidney disease.