TABLE 1—

Strategies for Universal Design for Conducting Accessible Research

Strategies	Hearing	Vision	Color Discrimination	Speech	Hand Control	Reading Impairment	Mobility
Recruitment: presentation of information
Large, dark print with ample white background		√	√
Audio (in person or via video, Internet, or radio)		√				√
Internet sites compatible with screen readers	√	√				√	√
Recruitment: mode of response
Training staff in use of TTY and video relay services	√			√
Allow responses via Internet sites accessible to screen readers	√	√		√		√
Provide a telephone number for responses		√
Consent: presentation of information
Sending the consent form before initial meeting to review via accessible files	√			√		√
Provide consent forms written in plain language, including only essential words, and minimal in length						√
Consent: mode of response: allow electronic signature, videotaped verbal consent, or proxy consent		√			√
Accessibility of facility
Make sure buildings, rooms, equipment (tables, chairs, and examination tables) meet ADA standards		√			√	√	√
Provide height-adjustable tables to accommodate wheelchairs							√
Transportation
Provide location near accessible public transportation		√			√		√
Provide funding for accessible transportation		√			√		√
Measurement: presentation of information
Provide captions for audio	√
Make sure both visual and auditory information can “stand alone”	√	√	√			√
Provide large print on ample white background		√	√
Measurement: mode of response
Allow time for TTY or video relay services for deaf individuals when using telephone surveys	√
Multiple means of logging a response: using keypad arrows, mouse, track ball, or pad					√
Large targets on touch screen that do not require dragging		√			√
Consider tests that are not timed		√		√	√	√
Make sure colors are not the only way of conveying test information; reduce use of red, green, or blue; use colors with high contrast between each other.			√
Interventions: presentation of information
Large print on white background		√	√
Audio (in person or via video or Internet)		√				√
Internet sites and word or pdf files compatible with screen readers	√	√				√	√
Interventions: accessible technology: providing technology for interventions that provide multisensory and easy input (e.g., talking watches, pedometers with large displays, electronic diaries that allow for text or voice input)23	√	√	√	√	√	√	√

Note. ADA = Americans With Disabilities Act; TTY = teletypewriter.