TABLE 2—
Age-Adjusted Cardiovascular Disease Incidence Rates According to Levels of Neighborhood Characteristics for Women and Men: Jackson Heart Study; Jackson, MS; 2000–2011
| Women (n = 2652) |
Men (n = 1444) |
|||||
| Variable | No. of Events | Incidence/1000 PY (95% CI) | Ptrend | No. of Events | Incidence/1000 PY (95% CI) | Ptrend |
| Overall | 144 | 4.4 (3.6, 5.4) | 88 | 5.6 (4.4, 7.1) | ||
| Neighborhood disadvantage | .006 | .27 | ||||
| High | 78 | 5.5 (4.1, 7.4) | 38 | 7.1 (4.9, 10.2) | ||
| Medium | 47 | 4.0 (3.1, 5.1) | 28 | 6.0 (4.7, 7.8) | ||
| Low | 19 | 2.9 (2.0, 4.2) | 22 | 5.2 (3.5, 7.6) | ||
| Social cohesion | .20 | .96 | ||||
| Low | 55 | 4.7 (3.5, 6.4) | 30 | 6.1 (4.2, 8.8) | ||
| Medium | 57 | 4.1 (3.3, 5.2) | 25 | 6.0 (4.7, 7.8) | ||
| High | 32 | 3.6 (2.6, 5.0) | 33 | 6.0 (4.2, 8.5) | ||
| Violence | .026 | .35 | ||||
| High | 59 | 5.2 (3.9, 7.0) | 32 | 6.9 (4.7, 9.9) | ||
| Medium | 67 | 4.1 (3.2, 5.2) | 33 | 6.1 (4.7, 7.8) | ||
| Low | 18 | 3.2 (2.2, 4.5) | 23 | 5.3 (3.7, 7.7) | ||
| Disorder | .002 | .75 | ||||
| High | 76 | 5.7 (4.2, 7.5) | 32 | 6.3 (4.3, 9.1) | ||
| Medium | 52 | 3.9 (3.1, 5.0) | 33 | 6.0 (4.7, 7.8) | ||
| Low | 16 | 2.7 (1.9, 4.0) | 23 | 5.8 (4.0, 8.3) | ||
Note. CI = confidence interval; PY = person-years. Poisson regression was used to estimate gender-specific, age-adjusted incidence rates (sum of events/PY) overall and according to levels of neighborhood characteristics. Cardiovascular disease events included definite or probable fatal or nonfatal coronary heart disease and stroke events. PY were calculated as time to first cardiovascular disease event. The neighborhood disadvantage score was constructed by summing z-scores for eight 2000 US Census indicators. Neighborhood social cohesion, violence, and disorder were assessed via validated scales during a follow-up phone interview approximately 3 years after the baseline examination.