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. 2016 Nov 12;5(4):144–154. doi: 10.5501/wjv.v5.i4.144

Table 1.

Wnt/β-catenin molecular manipulations by human Herpesviridae

Virus Pathway component Stabilization, activation or inhibition of pathway component Outcome Ref.
Alphaherpesvirinae
HSV-1 β-catenin Stabilized β-catenin stabilized, increased transcriptional activity of β-catenin [35]
Axin Stabilized Reduced host cell apoptosis [37,38]
GSK-3 Stabilized Phosphorylation of APP [39]
Betaherpesvirinae
HCMV β-catenin Inhibited β-catenin degradation, decrease in β-catenin transcriptional targets [41]
Axin Stabilized TNKS PARsylation activity inhibited resulting in β-catenin degradation [50]
ROR2 Activated Repression of β-catenin TCF/LEF-1 transcriptional activity [42]
GSK-3 Stabilized Stabilization of pAP and promotion of HCMV replication [52,53]
Gammaherpesvirinae
EBV β-catenin Stabilized Accumulation of β-catenin in type III latency [59]
GSK-3 Inhibited LMP2A activation of Akt inactivates GSK-3 resulting in β-catenin accumulation [60,61]
APC Activated/inhibited (conflicting results) LMP1 represses Siah-1 promoting β-catenin accumulation. LMP1 does not promote β-catenin stabilization [63,64]
KSHV β-catenin Stabilized/inhibited (dependent on viral stage?) Increased transcriptional activity, induction of viral latency/inhibition of LANA mediated transactivation of β-catenin [66,76,77]
GSK-3 Inhibited LANA promotes nuclear accumulation of GSK-3 [67,70]

GSK-3: Glycogen synthase kinase 3; HCMV: Human cytomegalovirus; TNKS: Tankyrase 1 and 2 (PARP5a/b); TCF/LEF-1: T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1; pAP: Protein precursor; LMP2A: Latent membrane protein 2A; APC: Adenomatous polyposis coli; LMP1: Latent membrane protein 1; LANA: Latency-associated nuclear antigen; KSHV: Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus.