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. 2016 Nov 11;6:36764. doi: 10.1038/srep36764

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Copyright © 2016, The Author(s)

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(a) Testes weight. (b) Epididymal sperm count of Prm2^+/+, Prm2^+/−, and Prm2^−/− mice. (c) HE staining of testicular sections from wildtype, Prm2^+/− and Prm2^−/− mice. Scale bar = 200 μm. (d) Transmission electron micrographs (TEM) of stage XII seminiferous epithelium as indicated by meiotic spermatocytes (stars) showing step 12 elongating spermatids. Scale bar = 5 μm. Inset: enlargement of rectangle, scale bar = 1 μm. Note homogeneously condensed chromatin in wildtype in contrast to heterogeneously condensed fine-grained chromatin in the Prm2-deficient mutant, whereas formation of the acrosome and manchette as well as head shape did not differ. (e) TEMs of step 16 elongated spermatids prior to sperm release. Scale bar = 1 μm. (f) TEMs of epididymal sperm. Note nuclear matrix alteration, detachment of acrosome (arrow) and attachment of the flagellum to the head (arrowhead) in knockout sperm. Scale bar = 1 μm. (g) Quantification of epididymal sperm chromatin integrity. (h) Prm2^−/− but not Prm2^+/− sperm showed morphological defects in the acrosome and head-tail conjunction. The acrosome was labeled using PNA-FITC (green), DNA using DAPI (blue), and the flagellum using MitoTracker (red). Scale bar = 10 μm. (i) Agarose gel electrophoresis of sperm genomic DNA. (j,k) Sperm damage analysis referring to SCSA.