A unique microRNA expression signature for increased erythropoiesis in polycythemia vera (PV). (A) In normal hematopoiesis, the developmental fate of MEP is regulated in part by miR-145, while miR-451 is associated with erythroid differentiation. (B) In microRNA microarray analysis of PV patients' peripheral blood CD34+ cells, we observed up-regulation of miR-145 and miR-451, which will promote increased erythropoiesis. (C) Point plot illustration of peripheral blood CD34+ cell expression of miRNA-145 and miRNA-451 in healthy controls (n = 6) and PV patients (n = 8) by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The individual sample miRNA expression is shown as the fold-change compared to the average normal female expression which was set as “1”. CMP, common myeloid progenitor; GMP, granulocyte macrophage progenitor; MEP, megakaryocyte-erythrocyte progenitor; EP, erythroid precursor; MEG, megakaryocyte precursor; RBC, red blood cell; NF, healthy female control; NM, healthy male control; PF, PV female patient; PM, PV male patient.