FIG 6.

Inhibition of retrograde transport with small-molecule inhibitors reduces IEV production. (A) HeLa cells were treated with various concentrations of drug, as indicated, and infected with VACV-EGFP at 0.1 PFU/cell. After 48 h, cell death was measured using CellTiter-Blue. Cell death is expressed as a percentage of the survival of infected cells treated with medium alone. Data are averages and SEMs from six technical replicates. (B to E) HeLa cells were treated with various concentrations of the indicated drug and infected with VACV-EGFP at 0.1 PFU/cell. Fluorescence was measured at the indicated time points. Data are average and SEMs from six technical replicates and were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance with multiple comparisons of the data at 48 h postinfection. ***, P < 0.001. (G and H) One-step growth curve. HeLa cells were treated with the compounds indicated and infected with VACV-WR at 5 PFU/cell. At 0 and 24 h p.i., cells (F) and supernatants (G) were collected and virus titers were determined by plaque assay on BS-C-1 cells. ***, P < 0.001, one-way analysis of variance with multiple comparisons of the data at 48 h postinfection.