hA3C depletion activities of HIV-1 Vif alleles. (A) The 21 HIV-1 Vif alleles induced depletion of hA3C to various degrees. hA3C and Vif alleles were cotransfected into 293T cells. Protein extracts of transfected cells were used for detecting the expression of hA3C, Vif, and tubulin by anti-HA, anti-Vif, and anti-tubulin antibodies, respectively. Vifs from N and O subtypes were detected by anti-myc antibody. This A3C experiment was repeated at least three times with similar results. (B) ImageJ was used to evaluate the band density of A3C and tubulin. The ratio of A3C to tubulin was calculated as A3C expression efficiency. A3C plasmid cotransfected with empty vector plasmid was set as 100% expression. (C) hA3C, hA3F, hA3G, and hA3H hapII expression plasmids were transfected together with B-NL4-3 expression plasmids and F-1 and F-2 Vif variants. A3 and Vif were detected by using anti-HA and anti-Vif antibodies. Tubulin served as a loading control.