Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of overall study population (N=24,784).
| Demographic Characteristics | N (%) |
|---|---|
| Mean Age (years, SD) | 64.2 (12.8) |
| Gender (% female) | 10,404 (42.0%) |
| Race | |
| Caucasian | 16,825 (67.9%) |
| African-American | 1,393 (5.6%) |
| Hispanic | 3,339 (13.5%) |
| Asian or Pacific Islander | 1,808 (7.3%) |
| Native American | 839 (3.4%) |
| Other | 580 (2.3%) |
| Insurance type (n, %) | |
| Medicare | 11,763 (47.5%) |
| Medicaid | 1,923 (7.8%) |
| Private | 9,965 (40.2%) |
| Other | 1,133 (4.6%) |
| Comorbidities | |
| Alcohol abuse | 616 (2.5%) |
| Deficiency anemia | 4,980 (20.1%) |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 331 (1.3%) |
| Chronic blood loss anemia | 628 (2.5%) |
| Congestive heart failure | 997 (4.0%) |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 3,254 (13.1%) |
| Coagulopathy | 967 (3.9%) |
| Depression | 1,356 (5.5%) |
| Diabetes Mellitus | 4,713 (19.0%) |
| Diabetes with complications | 677 (2.7%) |
| Hypertension | 12,690 (51.2%) |
| Hypothyroidism | 1,960 (7.9%) |
| Liver disease | 651 (2.6%) |
| Lymphoma | 103 (0.4%) |
| Fluid and electrolyte disorders | 5,003 (20.2%) |
| Neurological disorders | 656 (2.7%) |
| Obesity | 2,235 (9.0%) |
| Paralysis | 171 (0.7%) |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 925 (3.7%) |
| Psychoses | 540 (2.2%) |
| Pulmonary circulation disorders | 368 (1.5%) |
| Renal failure | 1,124 (4.5%) |
| Valvular disease | 919 (3.7%) |
| Weight loss | 1,943 (7.8%) |
| CCI (mean, SD) | 3.8 (2.1) |
| Procedures | |
| Esophagus Cancer Resection | 1,540 (6.2%) |
| Pancreatic Cancer Resection | 4,999 (20.2%) |
| Rectal Resection | 18,245 (73.6%) |
SD: standard deviation; CCI: Charlson Comorbidity Index (Deyo modification)