Table 5. Univariate and multivariate analyses of baseline characteristics associated with incident tuberculosis (TB) disease.
| Person-years | Univariate HR (95% CI) | p value | Multivariate HR (95% CI) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Household Contacts Characteristics | |||||
| Age Categories | 12,013 | ||||
| < 5 years | 1.25 (0.85–1.86) | 0.26 | 1.55 (0.97–2.48) | 0.06 | |
| 5 to 11 years | 1.00 (0.67–1.49) | 0.99 | 1.24 (0.78–1.97) | 0.37 | |
| 12 to 19 years | 1.72 (1.20–2.44) | 0.003 | 1.69 (1.11–2.56) | 0.01 | |
| 20 to 49 years | 1.15 (0.83–1.60) | 0.39 | 1.15 (0.81–1.64) | 0.44 | |
| ≥50 years | Reference | Reference | |||
| Male | 12,013 | 1.18 (0.96–1.44) | 0.11 | 1.16 (0.93–1.44) | 0.19 |
| Nutritional Status | 12,013 | ||||
| Underweight | 1.18 (0.62–2.26) | 0.61 | 1.42 (0.74–2.74) | 0.29 | |
| Overweight | 0.47 (0.37–0.59) | <0.001 | 0.48 (0.37–0.64) | <0.001 | |
| Normal | Reference | Reference | |||
| Comorbid Diseasea | 12,011 | 1.03 (0.80–1.32) | 0.81 | 1.18 (0.90–1.55) | 0.22 |
| BCG Scar | 12,011 | 0.63 (0.49–0.81) | <0.001 | 0.67 (0.51–0.87) | 0.003 |
| Isoniazid Preventive Therapy | 12,007 | 0.46 (0.34–0.62) | <0.001 | NAb | |
| Heavy Alcohol Use | 11,781 | 1.07 (0.70–1.65) | 0.75 | 0.91 (0.55–1.49) | 0.70 |
| Tobacco Use | 11,889 | 0.85 (0.54–1.32) | 0.46 | 0.92 (0.56–1.50) | 0.73 |
| HIV Positive | 11,868 | 2.23 (0.68–7.29) | 0.18 | 2.15 (0.64–7.22) | 0.22 |
| Socioeconomic Status | 11,701 | ||||
| Middle | Reference | Reference | |||
| Low | 1.19 (0.92–1.54) | 0.18 | 1.18 (0.91–1.53) | 0.21 | |
| High | 0.93 (0.68–1.26) | 0.63 | 1.02 (0.74–1.39) | 0.92 | |
| Self-Reported Diabetes Mellitus | 11,927 | 1.79 (0.96–3.31) | 0.07 | 2.30 (1.17–4.53) | 0.02 |
| History of TB | 11,994 | 1.98 (1.48–2.66) | <0.001 | 1.81 (1.30–2.51) | <0.001 |
| Index Cases Characteristics | |||||
| HIV Positive | 11,891 | 0.71 (0.34–1.49) | 0.37 | NA | |
| Smear Positive | 12,006 | 1.68 (1.24–2.27) | 0.001 | 1.64 (1.19–2.25) | 0.002 |
| Cavitary Disease | 11,843 | 1.38 (1.09–1.76) | 0.009 | 1.32 (1.03–1.69) | 0.03 |
| Tobacco use | 11,773 | 1.39 (0.74–2.63) | 0.30 | NA | |
| Heavy Alcohol Use | 11,529 | 1.14 (0.80–1.63) | 0.47 | NA | |
BCG, Bacillus Calmette–Guérin; HR, Hazard Ratio.
a Comorbid disease includes any of the following: heart disease, high blood pressure, asthma, kidney disease, use of steroids or chemotherapy or immunosuppressant, any other self-reported chronic illness.
b Variable identified as a time-varying covariate.