Table 1.
Demographic and laboratory characteristics of the study population
| Variables | DKD patients with CKD grades 3 and 4 | Healthy subjects | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| n | 29 | 23 | |
| Males, n (%) | 17 (58.6) | 13 (56.5) | 0.525 |
| Females, n (%) | 12 (41.4) | 10 (43.5) | 0.997 |
| Age (years) | 61.12±10.85 | 58.50±9.420 | 0.099 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.46±2.85 | 26.86±2.00 | 0.044 |
| HbA1c (%) | 7.32±0.43 | 5.48±0.32 | <0.001 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 32.0±11.6 | ≥90 | |
| Proteinuria (g/day) | 1.61±1.09 | <0.15 | |
| Diabetes mellitus, n | 29 | 0 | |
| Oral antidiabetic therapy, n (%) | 7 (24.1) | 0 | |
| Insulin therapy, n (%) | 22 (75.9) | 0 | |
| ACEIs or ARBs | 18 (62.1) | 0 | |
| DKD and CKD grade 3, n | 14 | 0 | |
| DKD and CKD grade 4, n | 15 | 0 |
Notes: Values of age, BMI, HbA1c, eGFR, and daily proteinuria are represented as mean ± standard deviation.
Abbreviations: CKD, chronic kidney disease; DKD, diabetic kidney disease; BMI, body mass index; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; ACEIs, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors; ARBs, angiotensin II blockers.