Table 5.

Indications for revision surgery

Absolute indications	Relative indications
Impairment of bowel or bladder functioning	Severe sciatica that persists or worsens despite 4 weeks of complete bed rest
Profound motor weakness	Recurrent episodes of incapacitating sciatica
Progressive neural deficit despite complete bed rest	Pseudarthrosis or instability
	Problems associated with surgical hardware such as screws or rods

Note: Reproduced with permission from Pain Practice. Hussain A, Erdek M. Interventional pain management for failed back surgery syndrome. 2014;14(1):64–78. John Wiley and Sons.³⁹ © 2013 The Authors Pain Practice © 2013 World Institute of Pain.