Table 1.
Background characteristics of participants, Unadjusted and Adjusted odds ratios of Injury deaths among adults aged 15 to 59 years in Navrongo HDSS: 1998-2011
| Variable (col 1) | Deaths n (%) (Col 2) | Injury deaths n(%) (Col 3) | Unadjusted odds ratio of Injury deaths (95% CI) (Col 4) | Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) (Col 5) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Education level | 1 | |||
| No education | 3904 (52.3) | 270 (6.9) | 1 | |
| Primary/JSS | 2282 (30.6) | 283 (12.4) | 1.91 (1.60 – 2.270*** | 1.0 (0.82 - 1.22) |
| Sec/Tertiary | 643 (8.6) | 117 (18.2) | 2.99 (2.37 – 3.79)*** | 1.42 (1.08 - 1.87)* |
| Missing | 636 (8.5) | 35 (5.5) | 0.78 (0.54 – 1.13) | 0.52 (0.36 - 0.75) |
| Sex | 1 | |||
| Female | 3229 (43.3) | 211 (6.5) | 1 | |
| Male | 4236 (56.7) | 494 (11.7) | 1.89 (1.60 – 2.23)*** | 1.85 (1.55 - 2.21)*** |
| Wealth index | ||||
| Poor | 1624 (21.8) | 115 (7.1) | 1 | 1 |
| Next poor | 1562 (20.9) | 138 (8.5) | 1.22 (0.94 - 1.58) | 1.24 (0.95 - 1.62) |
| Average | 1566 (21.0) | 151 (9.6) | 1.40 (1.09 - 1.80)** | 1.41 (1.08 - 1.83)* |
| Less poor | 1533 (20.5) | 150 (9.8) | 1.42 (1.11 - 1.84)** | 1.31 (1.00 - 1.71) |
| Least poor | 1066 (14.3) | 149 (14.0) | 2.13 (1.65 - 2.75)*** | 1.55 (1.14 - 2.12)** |
| Missing | 114 (1.5) | 7 (6.1) | 0.86 (0.39 - 1.89) | 1.05 (0.47 – 2.37) |
| Place of residence | ||||
| Rural | 6370 (85.3) | 546 (8.6) | 1 | 1 |
| Urban | 1095 (14.7) | 159 (14.5) | 1.81 (1.50 – 2.19)*** | 1.39 (1.10 – 1.76)** |
| Period of study | ||||
| 1998-2003 | 3973 (53.2) | 298 (7.5) | 1 | 1 |
| 2004-2007 | 1576 (21.1) | 215 (13.6) | 1.95 (1.62 – 2.35)*** | 1.87 (1.54 - 2.27)*** |
| 2008-2011 | 1916 (25.7) | 192 (10.0) | 1.37 (1.14 – 1.66)** | 1.26 (1.03 - 1.54)* |
| Season | ||||
| Rainy | 3550 (47.6) | 338 (9.5) | 1.02 (0.87-1.19) | NS |
| Dry | 3915 (52.4) | 367 (9.4) | 1 | |
| Age Group | ||||
| 15-19 | 404 (5.4) | 81 (20.1) | 4.67 (3.48 - 6.27)*** | 5.11 (3.71 - 7.04)*** |
| 20-29 | 897 (12.0) | 161 (18.0) | 4.07 (3.21 - 5.17)*** | 4.22 (3.27 - 5.44)*** |
| 30-39 | 1421 (19.0) | 172 (12.1) | 2.56 (2.04 - 3.23)*** | 2.49 (1.96 - 3.16)*** |
| 40-49 | 1898 (25.4) | 146 (7.7) | 1.55 (1.22 - 1.97)*** | 1.48 (1.16 - 1.89)** |
| 50-59 | 2845 (38.1) | 145 (5.1) | 1 | 1 |
| Month | ||||
| January | 701 (9.4) | 45 (6.4) | 1 | 1 |
| February | 619 (8.3) | 51 (8.2) | 1.31 (0.86 - 1.98) | 1.24 (0.81 - 1.90) |
| March | 691 (9.3) | 56 (8.1) | 1.29 (0.86 - 1.93) | 1.19 (0.78 - 1.80) |
| April | 641 (8.6) | 83 (13.0) | 2.17 (1.48 - 3.17)*** | 2.07 (1.40 - 3.06)*** |
| May | 579 (7.8) | 63 (10.9) | 1.78 (1.19 - 2.65)** | 1.61 (1.07 - 2.44)* |
| June | 555 (7.4) | 42 (7.6) | 1.19 (0.77 - 1.85) | 1.10 (0.70 - 1.71) |
| July | 522 (7.0) | 56 (10.7) | 1.75 (1.16 - 2.64)** | 1.57 (1.03 - 2.40)* |
| August | 612 (8.2) | 66 (10.8) | 1.76 (1.19 - 2.62)** | 1.61 (1.08 - 2.42)* |
| September | 622 (8.3) | 50 (8.0) | 1.27 (0.84 - 1.94) | 1.14 (0.75 - 1.76) |
| October | 660 (8.8) | 61 (9.2) | 1.48 (0.99 - 2.22) | 1.50 (1.00 - 2.26) |
| November | 558 (7.5) | 53 (9.5) | 1.53 (1.01 - 2.31)* | 1.36 (0.89 - 2.08) |
| December | 705 (9.4) | 79 (11.2) | 1.84 (1.26 - 2.70)** | 1.76 (1.19 - 2.61)** |
| Total | 7465 (100) | 705 (9.44) |
Note: *P < 0.05 **P < 0.01 ***P < 0.001 NS - not significant at bivariate analysis.