Table 2.
Parameter Estimates for the Four-Class Solution (n = 821 patients): The ELCAPA_09 Study
| Prevalence of Indicators Among the 821 Patients, N (%) | LC1 | LC2 | LC3 | LC4 | Global p-Value† | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Relatively Healthy, N = 232 | Malnourished, N = 294 | Cognitive and/or Mood Impaired, N = 124 | Globally Impaired, N = 171 | |||
| Probability of membership in each class expressed as % | 28.3 | 35.8 | 15.1 | 20.8 | ||
| Conditional probabilities* of (%) | ||||||
| Indicators | ||||||
| Functional impairment (ADL ≤ 5/6) | 267 (32.5) | 3.3 | 13.6 | 58.1 | 86.4 | |
| Cognitive impairment (MMSE < 24/30) | 222 (27.0) | 10.9 | 11.2 | 59.2 | 53.1 | |
| Malnutrition‡ | 421 (51.3) | 1.0 | 66.2 | 49.8 | 95.4 | |
| Inadequate social environment¶ | 163 (19.9) | 8.0 | 16.1 | 36.2 | 30.6 | |
| Depression (DSM IV criteria) | 236 (28.8) | 9.5 | 22.0 | 48.7 | 52.1 | |
| No. of severe comorbidities (grade 3–4 CIRS-G) | ||||||
| 0 | 353 (43.0) | 78.5 | 48.1 | 16.2 | 5.4 | |
| 1 | 219 (26.7) | 18.2 | 33.5 | 32.7 | 22.2 | |
| ≥2 | 249 (30.3) | 3.3 | 18.4 | 51.3 | 72.4 | |
| Active covariates | ||||||
| Tumor site | ||||||
| Colorectal | 167 (20.3) | 10.6 | 30.2 | 16.5 | 19.3 | <.001 |
| Breast | 147 (17.9) | 33.9 | 7.8 | 33.9 | 4.0 | |
| Prostate | 105 (12.8) | 27.5 | 4.1 | 1.5 | 15.9 | |
| Upper gastrointestinal tract/liver | 128 (15.6) | 3.5 | 25.5 | 0.1 | 26.1 | |
| Urinary system | 119 (14.5) | 16.1 | 17.3 | 10.9 | 10.2 | |
| Hematologic malignancies | 67 (8.2) | 3.1 | 8.1 | 14.0 | 10.9 | |
| Other tumors§ | 88 (10.7) | 5.1 | 7.1 | 26.0 | 13.6 | |
| Metastatic status | ||||||
| M0 | 345 (42.0) | 65.1 | 37.9 | 51.9 | 10.6 | <.001 |
| M1/Mx | 354 (43.1) | 24.7 | 50.7 | 19.3 | 72.4 | |
| Not reported or NA | 122 (14.9) | 10.2 | 11.4 | 28.9 | 17.0 | |
| Male gender | 427 (52.0) | 50.3 | 55.5 | 25.8 | 67.3 | .083 |
| Age >80 y | 376 (45.8) | 37.9 | 31.9 | 75.9 | 58.4 | <.001 |
| Outpatient at time of GA | 523 (63.7) | 98.8 | 66.6 | 66.0 | 9.4 | <.001 |
Notes: ADL = Activities of Daily Living; CIRS-G = Cumulative Illness Rating Scale for Geriatrics; DSM IV = Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; GA = geriatric assessment; LC = latent class; M0 = absence of distant metastases; M1 = presence of distant metastases; MMSE = mini mental state examination; Mx = metastatic status not assessable; NA = not applicable.
*Probability of each indicator being present in patients belonging to this class.
† p Value obtained using the Wald test.
‡Presence of one or more of the following criteria: at least 10% weight loss in 6 months or 5% in 1 month and/or body mass index less than 21kg/m2 and/or Mini Nutritional Assessment score less than 17/30 and/or serum albumin less than 35g/L.
§Upper gastrointestinal tract included stomach and esophagus; urinary system included bladder, upper urinary tract, and kidneys; and other tumors included tumors of the ovary, uterus, lung, head and neck, skin, thyroid, and unknown primary sites.
¶Inadequate social environment was defined as absence of a primary caregiver or of adequate support at home or of a strong circle of family and friends able to meet the needs of the patient at the time of the evaluation.