Table 1.
Participant Characteristics
| Total | 60–69 years | 70–79 years | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 406 | n = 213 | n = 193 | ||
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | ||
| Age, y | 68.4 (5.6) | 63.6 (2.8) | 73.6 (2.7) | <.001 |
| Female, n (%) | 206 (50.7) | 123 (57.8) | 83 (43.0) | .003 |
| Black, n (%) | 132 (32.5) | 77 (36.2) | 55 (28.5) | .10 |
| Height, cm | 169.2 (9.1) | 169.0 (9.0) | 169.5 (9.3) | .56 |
| Grip strength, kg | 33.5 (9.8) | 34.0 (10.0) | 33.0 (9.6) | .31 |
| Short Physical Performance Battery | 11.7 (0.7) | 11.8 (0.7) | 11.6 (0.8) | .01 |
| Physical activity, n (%) | .99 | |||
| ≤30min/wk | 106 (26.1) | 56 (26.3) | 50 (25.9) | |
| 31–149min/wk | 123 (30.0) | 65 (30.5) | 58 (30.1) | |
| ≥150min/wk | 177 (43.6) | 92 (43.2) | 85 (44.0) | |
| Adiposity | ||||
| Weight, kg | 78.1 (15.9) | 80.3 (16.4) | 75.6 (15.0) | .003 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 27.2 (4.6) | 28.0 (4.9) | 26.2 (3.9) | <.001 |
| BMI classifications, n (%) | <.001 | |||
| Normal, 18.5–24.9 | 143 (35.2) | 62 (29.1) | 81 (42.0) | |
| Overweight, 25–29.9 | 165 (40.6) | 83 (39.0) | 82 (42.5) | |
| Obese, ≥30 | 98 (24.1) | 68 (31.9) | 30 (15.5) | |
| Fat mass, % | 34.7 (8.7) | 36.2 (8.9) | 33.0 (8.1) | <.001 |
| Walking endurance | ||||
| Initial 400 m, s | 259.5 (38.4) | 251.3(35.1) | 266.3(38.3) | <.001 |
| Follow-up 400 m, s | 269.6 (54.2) | 257.7(39.6) | 279.4(63.5) | <.001 |
| Meaningful decline, n (%) | 155 (38.2) | 65 (30.5) | 90 (46.6) | <.001 |
Notes: BMI = body mass index. Smoker indicates current smoker or quit in the last 10 years. Meaningful decline indicates one of the following: a follow-up 400-meter walk time at least 5% slower than initial time, an alternative type follow-up visit (eg, a home visit or phone interview only) due to declining health, meeting test exclusion criteria for health reasons, or being unable to complete the full 400-meter walk.