Table 2.

Means, standard deviations, ranges, and sidak post hoc analyses for study variables.

Maternal variable	Maternal clinical sub-groups								ANOVA F test	Post hoc comparisons
	A. Healthy		B. Depressed		C. PTSD		D. Comorbid
	n=108		n=14		n=22		n=20
	M (SD)	Range	M (SD)	Range	M (SD)	Range	M (SD)	Range		Significant Group Differences (Cohen's d)
Impaired Bonding	8.02 (6.71)	0–46	13.07 (8.13)	2–33	11.23 (6.19)	0–23	12.40 (5.73)	4–26	F(3, 159)=4.85, p=.003, ${\eta }_p^2=.08$	A<B (−3.77, p=.04) A<D (−3.81, p=.04)
Behavioral Sensitivity-FP	3.65 (.84)	1.5–5.0	3.06 (1.07)	1.1–5.0	3.85 (.77)	1.6–5.0	3.5 (.96)	1.5–4.9	F(3, 157)=2.61, p=.05, ${\eta }_p^2=.05$	B<C (−.85)
Behavioral Sensitivity-TT	3.32 (.96)	1.0–5.0	2.77 (.99)	1.5–4.8	3.40 (.75)	2.3–5.0	3.26 (1.10)	1.3–4.8	NS	NS
Positive Affect-FP	2.57 (.55)	1.5–5.0	2.12 (.58)	1.3–3.5	2.71 (.51)	1.6–3.9	2.33 (.41)	1.5–3.0	F(3, 157)=4.85, p=.003, ${\eta }_p^2=.09$	B<A (−.80), C (−1.05)
Positive Affect-TT	2.51 (.58)	1.3–4.5	2.11 (.45)	1.5–2.8	2.69 (.50)	1.5–3.5	2.51 (.46)	1.8–3.5	F(3, 152)=3.40, p=.02, ${\eta }_p^2=.06$	B<A (−.77), C (−1.22)
Negative Affect-FP	1.13 (.35)	1.0–2.9	1.41 (.75)	1.0–3.8	1.06 (.14)	1.0–1.5	1.11 (.31)	1.0–2.3	F(3, 157)=2.86, p=.04, ${\eta }_{\mathrm{p}}^2=.05$	B > A (.48), C (.65), D (.52)
Negative Affect-TT	1.09 (.30)	1.0–3.0	1.54 (.69)	1.0–2.5	1.03 (.16)	1.0–1.8	1.11 (.35)	1.0–2.5	F(3, 152)=7.68, p<.001, ${\eta }_{\mathrm{p}}^2=.13$	B >A (.85), C (1.02), D (.79)

Note: impaired bonding=Self-reported from Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire, FP=free play, TT=teaching task, PTSD=posttraumatic stress disorder.