Table 3a.

Relationships of the Extracted Factors to Clinical Features of BD and Illness Comorbidity

Factor	Description	Effect Size (d)
		Sex	Rapid Cycle	Irritable Mania	Psychosis	Suicidal Ideation	Panic	Agoraphobia	Social Phobia	OCD	Gambling	Alcohol
1	Affective instability		0.76*			0.39	0.47	0.48	0.37	0.52*	0.31
2	Anxiety/worry							0.23	0.23	0.40
3	Compassion							0.40	0.64*		0.39
4	Social anxiety
5	Dysthymia					0.41			0.26
6	Insecurity	0.27
7	Hostility			0.36*				0.32			0.31	0.35
8	Persistence/drive
9	Spirituality				0.53*
10	Expressivity	−0.36
11	Risk-taking
12	Humor	0.21										0.21
13	Fatigue	−0.35
14	Impulsivity							0.37			0.35
15	Physical anxiety	−0.43	−0.23				0.47
16	Sentimentality	−0.47			−0.23			0.29
17	Conformity	−0.23							0.22	0.28
18	Extravagance		0.23			0.21					0.43	0. 32

Effect sizes in bold text are significant at p<0.003, reflecting a correction for multiple tests across the 18 factors. All others are significant at p<0.05. Only those with at least a small effect size (>0.2) are listed.

^*Indicates a medium effect size >0.5.

Note that for sex a negative effect indicates a higher factor score for females. Key: Rapid cycle = rapid cycling BD; Psychosis = the endorsement of hallucinations or delusions; Panic = panic disorder; OCD = obsessive-compulsive disorder; Gambling = pathological gambling; Alcohol = alcohol abuse or dependence.