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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Nov 15.
Published in final edited form as: Eur J Pharmacol. 2016 Oct 8;791:703–710. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.10.007

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1

Effects of fructose, insulin, versus PDGF on VSMC proliferation. (A) Serum-deprived VSMCs were exposed to D-fructose (5.5 or 25 mM), insulin (100 nM), and/or PDGF (30 ng/ml) for 96 h to determine the changes in cell number using automated counter. (B) Serum-deprived VSMCs were exposed to similar concentrations of D-fructose (for 96 h) or insulin and/or PDGF (for 48 h) to determine the changes in p27kip1 and cyclin D1 expression by immunoblot analysis. *P < 0.05 compared with control; n.s. not significant compared with PDGF alone. n = 3.