a–e) Human monocytes were isolated from buffy coats of healthy donors and were treated with C0-L, C0C1f, or LPS for 6 h. Thereafter, mRNA was isolated and levels of TNFα, IL-6, IL-1β, VCAM1, and ICAM1 transcripts were measured by qRT-PCR. Values shown are mean ± SEM; statistical analysis was performed using the one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc test, n= 10, * p<0.05, ** p<0.005, *** p<0.0005 and **** p<0.0001. f) Human monocytes were treated with C0C1f peptide for the indicated time periods and levels of TNFα, IL-6, IL-1β, VCAM1, and ICAM1 were measured by qRT-PCR. (n=3 donors) g–i) Protein levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were detected by western blot analysis (g, j) and quantified (h, i, k, l). Values shown are mean ± SEM; statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc test, * p<0.05, ** p<0.005