Table 4.
Summary of included studies involving balance in MCI versus CHI groups
| Study | Study Characteristics (number, mean age %female) |
Instrumente Assessment |
Instrument | Significant balance results in MCI group* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Deschamps et al,[29] 2013 |
Criteria: a) MMSE, b)FAB, c)ADAS-cog, d)TMT parts A/B, f)Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test, g)IADL, h)MRI CHI: n=150, 76.4 years, 30% MCI: n=64, 77.5 years, 39% MMAD: n=61, 78.4 years, 62% |
Stance with EO Stance with EC |
Force platform | ↑ COP mean velocity, EO and EC; ↑ COP ML mean velocity, EO; ↑ COP AP average absolute mean velocity, EO and EC |
| Gillain et al,[11] 2007 |
Criteria: Petersen et al (2001) CHI: n=14, 73.5 years, 21% MCI: n=14, 72.9 years, 21% DEM: n=6, 73.7 years, 9% |
Single-leg balance test Single-leg balance test with dual task (countdown from 50) Pull test TUG test TUG test test with dual task (countdown from 50) |
Locometrix® tri-axial accelerometers |
MCI presents intermediate values, no significant static balance differences |
| Leandri et al,[30] 2009 |
Criteria: Petersen et al (2001) CHI: n=15, 76.0 years, 53.3% aMCI: n=15, 77.6 years, 53.3% MMAD: n=15, 77.6 years, 53.3% |
Stance with EO Stance with EC |
ARGO system (static platform) |
↑AP sway with EC |
| Mignardot et al,[31] 2014 |
Criteria: Winblad et al (2004) CHI: n=228, 72.5 years, 40.3% MCI: n=140, 74.7 years, 34.3% MMAD: n=243, 83 years, 61.7% |
Timed Up and Go Stance with EO Stance with EC |
Biorescue force platform |
↑ COP AP velocity with ↑cognitive impairment |
Compared to an age-matched cognitively healthy control group, if present in the study
Abbreviations: ↑, increased; ↓, decreased; a-MCI, amnestic mild cognitive impairment; ADAS-cog, Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive; ADL, activities of daily living; AP, anteroposterior; CDR, clinical dementia rating; CHI, cognitively healthy individuals; COG, center of gravity; COP, center of pressure; DEM, dementia; EC, eyes closed; EO, eyes open; FAB, Frontal Assessment Battery; IADL, Instrumental Activities of Daily Living scale; MCI, mild cognitive impairment; MMAD, mild-to-moderate Alzheimer’s disease; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; TMT, trail-making test