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Petri dishes: quartz glass coated with nanodiamond and polystyrene, respectively (left). For culturing cells a negative charge is anchored into the polystyrene matrix (yellow) converting the hydrophobic plastic to hydrophilic. In an aqueous environment this encourages the formation of a stable alkaline nanolayer and ROS. ROS have been wreaking havoc on sperm and egg cells during IVF procedures for decades (7). ROS, reactive oxygen species; IVF, in vitro fertilization.
