Figure 7. Expression of differentiation markers in induced HDPCs by western blotting. Representative images were shown of HDPCs which were induced with (a) osteogenic, (b) adipogenic, or (c) chondrogenic factors for 28 days and the expression levels of typical differentiation markers for each lineage were examined by western blotting. HDPCs, human dental pulp cells; OG, HDPCs-OG group; ED, HDPCs-ED group; Combined, HDPCs-Combined group; C, control group which were maintained in medium without inducers; T, treated group which were induced to undergo adipogenic, osteogenic, or chondrogenic differentiation using an MSC functional identification kit. HDPCs-OG, HDPCs were isolated by the outgrowth method; HDPCs-ED, HDPCs were isolated by the enzymatic digestion method (collagenase/dispase/trypsin); HDPCs-Combined, HDPCs were isolated by the combination of both methods; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; BSP2, bone sialoprotein2; COL1A1, collagen type-I alpha-1; OCN, osteocalcin; ON, osteonectin; OPN, osteopontin; OSX, osterix; RUNX2, runt-related transcription factor 2; LPL, lipoprotein lipase; PPAR-γ, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma; ACAN, aggrecan; COL2A1, collagen type-II alpha-1; COL10A1, collagen type-X; and SOX9, sex-determining region Y-box 9.