Table 1. Types of central airway obstruction and treatment modalities.

	Intraluminal	Extraluminal	Mixed
Mechanical debulking	+	−	+
Electrocautery	++	−	+
Argon plasma coagulation	++	−	+
Laser	++	−	++
Cryotherapy	+++	−	+++
Stent		+++	++

–, not recommended; +, weakly recommended; ++, recommended, +++, strongly recommended.