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. 2016 Nov 7;22(41):9104–9116. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i41.9104

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©The Author(s) 2016. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.

This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial.

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Basal and stimulated toll-like receptor signalling pathways in responders and non-responders compared to healthy controls. PBMCs isolated from responders (R, n = 12), non-responders (NR, n = 12) and healthy controls (C, n = 12) were stimulated with TLR2, TLR4, TLR7 or TLR9 agonists for 24-48 h prior to intracellular staining for total IRAK4 (top), total Iκβα (middle) and phosphorylated (activated) NFκB (pNFκβ) (bottom) followed by FACS analysis. Data are expressed as MFI ± SD. ^aP < 0.05 vs stimulated healthy control C (white open bars); ^cP < 0.05 compared to stimulated responders (white open bars); ^eP < 0.05 compared to basal (black solid bars). Grey open boxes represent differences in total IRAK4 expression compared to responders and controls. PBMC: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells; TLR: Toll-like receptor; NFκB: Nuclear factor kappa B; Iκβα: Inhibitor of NFκB.