Fig. 3.

SINEUP modular structure and principle of action. A) SINEUPs are antisense lncRNAs that activate translation. SINEUPs contain two functional domains: the Binding Domain (BD) provides target specificity; the Effector Domain (ED) provides activation of protein synthesis. 5′ to 3′ orientation and direction of transcription (arrows) of sense mRNA and antisense lncRNA molecules are indicated. B) SINEUP ruling effect is to enhance translation of partially overlapping sense protein-coding mRNAs without affecting the expression levels of the target mRNA.