Table 1.
Characteristics of Study Samples by Weight Category and Survey Cycle, 2005–2014
| 2005–2006 | 2007–2008 | 2009–2010 | 2011–2012 | 2013–2014 | Total | p for trenda | p for comparison by weight categoryb | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Obesityc | ||||||||
| Unweighted sample, N | 368 | 290 | 250 | 284 | 289 | 1481 | ||
| Weighted proportion, % | 17.1 | 20.4 | 17.2 | 20.6 | 19.9 | 19.0 | ||
| Age, mean (SD), years | 11.6 (2.5) | 11.4 (2.2) | 11.4 (2.3) | 11.7 (1.9) | 11.7 (2.2) | 11.6 (2.2) | 0.32 | 1.00 |
| Age in 12–15, % | 52.5 | 47.7 | 45.9 | 57.0 | 51.6 | 51.2 | 0.32 | 0.81 |
| Female sex, % | 50.5 | 47.2 | 43.3 | 52.9 | 48.9 | 48.8 | 0.41 | 0.38 |
| Race and ethnicity,d % | ||||||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 46.3 | 53.7 | 48.9 | 48.8 | 46.3 | 48.9 | 0.79 | <0.001 |
| Non-Hispanic black | 21.0 | 16.2 | 20.1 | 16.6 | 14.8 | 17.5 | 0.31 | |
| Mexican American | 20.8 | 17.0 | 18.1 | 19.3 | 20.6 | 19.2 | 0.87 | |
| Otherse | 11.8 | 13.1 | 12.9 | 15.3 | 18.3 | 14.4 | 0.19 | |
| Family income category,d % | ||||||||
| 4 of IPR or greater | 14.8 | 20.0 | 24.5 | 13.9 | 16.4 | 17.7 | 0.70 | <0.001 |
| 2 to <4 of IPR | 30.7 | 25.4 | 20.2 | 24.6 | 31.9 | 26.7 | 0.87 | |
| 1 to <2 of IPR | 26.0 | 28.4 | 24.8 | 30.1 | 24.7 | 26.9 | 0.94 | |
| <1 of IPR | 28.4 | 26.1 | 30.4 | 31.3 | 27.0 | 28.7 | 0.85 | |
| Healthcare provider visits over past year,d % | ||||||||
| None | 14.1 | 13.9 | 11.9 | 10.4 | 8.9 | 11.7 | 0.05 | 0.14 |
| Once | 30.4 | 23.8 | 23.5 | 26.6 | 27.6 | 26.4 | 0.86 | |
| Twice or three times | 34.9 | 36.1 | 39.5 | 34.1 | 33.1 | 35.4 | 0.58 | |
| Four times or more | 20.6 | 26.1 | 25.1 | 29.0 | 30.4 | 26.5 | 0.10 | |
| No insurance, % | 17.9 | 10.7 | 7.4 | 9.9 | 5.5 | 10.2 | 0.01 | 0.07 |
| Overweightc | ||||||||
| Unweighted sample, N | 252 | 217 | 210 | 205 | 242 | 1126 | ||
| Weighted proportion, % | 15.8 | 17.4 | 16.3 | 16.2 | 16.0 | 16.4 | ||
| Age, mean (SD), years | 11.6 (2.2) | 11.7 (2.1) | 11.5 (2.0) | 11.3 (2.1) | 11.7 (2.1) | 11.6 (2.1) | 0.71 | — |
| Age in 12–15, % | 52.9 | 49.7 | 50.1 | 44.5 | 52.3 | 49.8 | 0.70 | |
| Female sex, % | 50.1 | 55.2 | 53.6 | 49.0 | 50.5 | 51.7 | 0.63 | — |
| Race and ethnicity,d % | ||||||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 63.4 | 59.6 | 56.2 | 55.3 | 46.2 | 56.2 | 0.06 | — |
| Non-Hispanic black | 12.4 | 13.7 | 13.5 | 13.9 | 16.3 | 13.9 | 0.40 | |
| Mexican American | 13.5 | 14.9 | 16.6 | 16.4 | 20.6 | 16.4 | 0.19 | |
| Otherse | 10.7 | 11.7 | 13.8 | 14.4 | 16.9 | 13.5 | 0.10 | |
| Family income category,d % | ||||||||
| 4 of IPR or greater | 27.0 | 23.3 | 23.1 | 26.2 | 19.3 | 23.8 | 0.41 | — |
| 2 to <4 of IPR | 35.6 | 32.0 | 31.5 | 25.1 | 22.7 | 29.4 | 0.03 | |
| 1 to <2 of IPR | 18.3 | 20.4 | 24.2 | 23.6 | 25.6 | 22.4 | 0.06 | |
| <1 of IPR | 19.1 | 24.4 | 21.2 | 25.1 | 32.4 | 24.4 | 0.08 | |
| Healthcare provider visits over past year,d % | ||||||||
| None | 15.5 | 13.5 | 10.2 | 9.9 | 14.0 | 12.6 | 0.30 | — |
| Once | 25.9 | 28.2 | 26.5 | 25.6 | 21.8 | 25.6 | 0.32 | |
| Twice or three times | 41.1 | 30.1 | 34.6 | 34.6 | 41.6 | 36.3 | 0.64 | |
| Four times or more | 17.5 | 28.2 | 28.6 | 29.9 | 22.7 | 25.4 | 0.20 | |
| No insurance, % | 10.8 | 13.1 | 11.8 | 6.7 | 10.9 | 10.6 | 0.45 | — |
| Normal weight or underweightc | ||||||||
| Unweighted sample, N | 1018 | 725 | 794 | 807 | 848 | 4192 | ||
| Weighted proportion, % | 67.1 | 62.2 | 66.6 | 63.2 | 64.1 | 64.6 | ||
| Age, mean (SD), years | 11.6 (2.3) | 11.6 (2.0) | 11.6 (2.0) | 11.6 (2.0) | 11.5 (2.0) | 11.6 (2.1) | 0.65 | — |
| Age in 12–15, % | 50.3 | 50.8 | 51.9 | 53.2 | 50.1 | 51.3 | 0.82 | |
| Female sex, % | 48.2 | 46.1 | 50.0 | 51.8 | 48.9 | 49.0 | 0.36 | — |
| Race and ethnicity,d % | ||||||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 63.1 | 61.6 | 63.1 | 59.7 | 58.1 | 61.1 | 0.37 | — |
| Non-Hispanic black | 13.5 | 12.6 | 11.3 | 13.0 | 13.3 | 12.7 | 1.00 | |
| Mexican American | 10.4 | 11.5 | 12.2 | 12.1 | 12.8 | 11.8 | 0.44 | |
| Otherse | 13.0 | 14.3 | 13.3 | 15.2 | 15.7 | 14.3 | 0.27 | |
| Family income category,d % | ||||||||
| 4 of IPR or greater | 31.5 | 29.9 | 29.7 | 28.9 | 27.8 | 29.6 | 0.51 | — |
| 2 to <4 of IPR | 34.5 | 26.1 | 27.9 | 28.9 | 29.1 | 29.4 | 0.25 | |
| 1 to <2 of IPR | 18.2 | 22.1 | 23.7 | 21.4 | 20.7 | 21.2 | 0.53 | |
| <1 of IPR | 15.8 | 21.9 | 18.7 | 20.7 | 22.4 | 19.8 | 0.15 | |
| Healthcare provider visits over past year,d % | ||||||||
| None | 14.2 | 13.3 | 12.0 | 11.8 | 10.6 | 12.4 | 0.10 | — |
| Once | 26.5 | 32.1 | 26.2 | 33.1 | 30.9 | 29.7 | 0.11 | |
| Twice or three times | 31.5 | 29.2 | 33.3 | 33.7 | 34.5 | 32.5 | 0.11 | |
| Four times or more | 27.8 | 25.4 | 28.6 | 21.4 | 24.0 | 25.4 | 0.03 | |
| No insurance, % | 9.1 | 9.5 | 8.3 | 9.5 | 5.3 | 8.4 | 0.12 | — |
a
Trends over time were assessed using chi-squared tests for linear trends for categorical variables and linear regressions for continuous variables.
b
Comparisons among weight categories were made using pooled samples across the study period.
c
Weight status was categorized using the definition by the Expert Committee in the United States; obesity (BMI ≥95th percentile for age and sex or ≥30 kg/m2), overweight (BMI 85th to <95th percentile), and normal weight or underweight (BMI <85th percentile).
d
Percentages do not sum to 100% due to rounding.
e
The category includes other Hispanics and other races, including multiracial participants.
IPR, income-to-poverty ratio.