Table 3.

Summary List of Empirical Evidence in Teleradiology: Cost

REFERENCE	YEAR	COUNTRY	STUDY DESIGN	SAMPLE SIZE	MODALITY/INVERVENTION	FINDINGS	COMMENTS
Pedersen et al.151	2005	Norway, Germany, Japan	Cost-saving analysis	149	Monitoring patients with stents	More efficient use of health facilities	Savings from obviated travel, spared accommodations, and reduced hospitalization
Plathow et al.152	2005	Germany	Comparative cost	500	Teleradiology cost/small hospital	Teleradiology profitable after 322 consultations per year	Most cost-effective at 500 CT scans per year
Flanagan, et al.153	2012	United States	Retrospective cohort analysis	491	Internet-based transfer	Internet and CD image transfer associated with lower repeat rates of imaging	PACS networks reduce cost and radiation exposure
Gray et al.154	2012	Ireland	Retrospective record review	145	CDU surveillance/EVAR	Sensitivity = 100%; specificity = 85%	CDU can substitute for EVAR without compromising accuracy and saving cost
Rosenberg et al.155	2013	Germany	Monte Carlo simulation	100–500	Teleradiology in mid-size hospital	Avoiding deficient pricing by 90% increased cost of cranial CT twofold	Important to consider pricing thresholds

CDU, color duplex ultrasound.