Table 3.

Comparison of patients tested pre- and postoperatively

	vmPFC	Non-vmPFC
Cognitive domain	Change Score (SD)	Change Score (SD)
Attention	0.8 + 0.9	0.7+ 1.1
Perception	0.7 + 1.4	−0.1 ± 1.5
Memory	0.3 ± 0.8	0.7 ± 1.4
Construction and Motor Performance	0.5 + 1.3	0.3 ± 1.4
Verbal Functions and Language Skulls	−0.3 ± 0.6	0.7 ± 3.0
Concept Formation and Reasoning	0.2 ± 0.9	0.3 ± 0.8
Executive Functions	1.3 ± 2.8	1.8 ± 3.9
Individual Tests	Change Score (SD)	Change Score (SD)
WAIS Verbal IQ	−0.1 ± 0.6	0.1 ± 0.1
WAIS Similarities	−0.1 ± 0.8	−0.1 ± 0.6
WAIS Digit Span	0.3 ± 0.6	−0.1 ± 0.9
WAIS Arithmetic	−0.4 ± 0.9	0.1 ± 0.4
WAIS Block Design	0.1 ± 0.7	−0.1 ± 0.6
WAIS Coding	1.2 ± 1.4	0.1 ± 0.6
BVRT Correct	0.5 ± 1.3	0.6 ± 1.6
BVRT Errors	0.4 ± 1.4	0.8 ± 1.5
AVLT Trial 5	0.6 ± 0.9	−0.1 ± 2.2
AVLT 30’ Delay	−0.1 ± 1.2	0.3 ± 1.4
CFT Copy	1.0 ± 1.0	0.9 ± 2.1
CFT Recall	2.1 ± 1.8	1.1 ± 1.1
Boston Naming Test	0.6 ± 0.4	2.8 ± 5.7
COWA	1.6 ± 2.1	0.4 ± 0.7
Facial Recognition Test	0.1 ± 1.0	−0.4 ± 1.3
Trail-Making Test A	3.0 ± 2.3	1.9 ± 2.3
Trail-Making Test B	2.6 ± 2.1	2.5 ± 4.5
Pegboard Dominant	2.0 ± 2.6	−1.7 ± 1.6
Pegboard Nondominant	2.7 ± 3.2	−0.3 ± 2.0
WCST Categories	1.6 ± 1.3	0.3 ± 2.3
WCST Perseverative Errors	3.9 ± 4.1	0.3 ± 2.4
Beck Depression Inventory *	−8.4 ± 6.5	−12.6 ± 5.6

Change scores reflect the change in composite z-scores from pre- to postoperative testing. A positive value indicates relative improvement, whereas a negative value indicates a relative decline. Beck Depression Inventory is a change in the raw score from pre- to postoperative testing. Negative values reflect decline in number of depressive symptoms endorsed. WAIS = Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale; BVRT = Benton Visual Retention Test; AVLT = Auditory Verbal Learning Test; CFT = Complex Figure Test; COWA = Controlled Oral Word Association; WCST = Wisconsin Card Sorting Test.