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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Nov 14.
Published in final edited form as: J Neurosurg. 2015 Nov 27;124(6):1568–1577. doi: 10.3171/2015.5.JNS142788

Table 4.

Comparison of Cognitive Domains in All Patients

Cognitive Domain vmPFC Average Z-Score Non-vmPFC Average Z-Score
Attention 0.0 + 1.1 0.0 + 0.8
Perception 0.2 + 1.1 −0.2 + 0.9
Memory 0.2 + 1.3 0.0 + 1.0
Construction and Motor Performance 0.3 + 0.8 −0.1 + 1.4
Verbal Function and Language Skills 0.1 + 0.8 0.0 + 0.7
Concept Formation and Reasoning 0.3 + 0.7 0.1 + 0.7
Executive Functions −0.4 + 1.6 −0.3+ 1.2