Table 2.
Effects of CDs on behavior and morphological parameter measurement of rare minnow embryos/larvae.
| Indicator | 0 mg/L | 1 mg/L | 5 mg/L | 10 mg/L | 20 mg/L | 40 mg/L | 80 mg/L |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Spontaneous movements of 36 hpf (bends/30 seconds) | 11.17 ± 2.32 | 9.50 ± 1.52 | 10.17 ± 1.47 | 8.17 ± 2.79∗∗ | 6.83 ± 1.94∗∗ | 7.83 ± 1.17∗∗ | 9.17 ± 1.17 |
| Heart rate of 60 hpf (bends/30 seconds) | 67.00 ± 2.45 | 64.50 ± 2.88 | 60.67 ± 4.17∗ | 64.00 ± 4.24 | 75.50 ± 3.27∗∗ | 70.67 ± 5.74 | 71.00 ± 3.58 |
| Malformation rate (%) | 5.00 ± 1.00 | 6.67 ± 1.73 | 8.33 ± 1.73 | 13.30 ± 1.73∗∗ | 26.67 ± 4.58∗∗ | 25.00 ± 3.00∗∗ | 43.33 ± 4.58∗∗ |
| SV-BA (×102 μm) | 1.90 ± 0.19 | 2.07 ± 0.27 | 2.15 ± 0.28 | 2.70 ± 0.45∗∗ | 3.13 ± 0.26∗∗ | 3.05 ± 0.47∗∗ | 3.32 ± 0.26∗∗ |
| Area of pericardial edema (×104 μm2) | 2.48 ± 0.53 | 2.60 ± 0.65 | 2.97 ± 0.32 | 4.05 ± 0.67∗∗ | 5.43 ± 0.64∗∗ | 5.50 ± 0.97∗∗ | 5.55 ± 0.75∗∗ |
| Area of sac-yolk edema (×105 μm2) | 2.44 ± 0.10 | 2.56 ± 0.10 | 2.42 ± 0.22 | 2.83 ± 0.16∗∗ | 3.17 ± 0.23∗∗ | 3.49 ± 0.27∗∗ | 3.41 ± 0.27∗∗ |
| Body length (mm) | 3.11 ± 0.21 | 3.13 ± 0.18 | 3.16 ± 0.11 | 3.03 ± 0.08 | 2.96 ± 0.14 | 2.82 ± 0.20∗∗ | 2.80 ± 0.18∗∗ |
Values are presented as mean ± SD. Spontaneous movements, heart rate, SV-BA, area of pericardial edema, and area of sac-yolk edema (n = 6); body length (n = 7) and malformation rate (n = 60). Values that are significantly different from the control are indicated by asterisks (one-way ANOVA or t-test,∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p< 0.01).