Table 2.

Characteristics of studies by domain and measurement approach of the selected variables.

Author/Year	Variables – Domain and measurement approach
Brownson RC et al., 1996	Attitude and Behavior Leisure-time physical activity, Current smoker, Consumes 5+ servings of fruits and vegetables per day, Cholesterol checked in past 2 years, Overweight
Tudor-Smith C et al., 1998	Attitude and Behavior Health-enhancing behaviors: Consumes chicken/other poultry ≥2 days/week, fish ≥2 days/week, fresh fruit ≥4 days/week, green vegetables/salad ≥4 days/week, Mainly uses skimmed/semi-skimmed milk at home, Mainly uses whole meal bread, Smokers who agree that their present level of smoking is harmful to their health, Smokers who have made a serious attempt to quit smoking in the 12 months before the survey, Daily smokers visiting their general practitioner in the 12 months before the survey who were advised to cut down or stop smoking, Engages in moderate or strenuous activity ≥2 times/week for ≥20 minutes each time Health-compromising behaviors: Mainly uses butter on bread, Consumes fried food cooked in lard/other solid fat ≥2 days/week at home, Smokes daily, Mean number of cigarettes/day smoked by daily smokers, BMI (kg/m2) ≥24 for women and ≥25 for men
Puska P et al., 1983	Attitude, Behavior and Biological Measures Reported daily smoking, Weight, Height, Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, Cholesterol and thiocyanate serum concentration
Nafziger NA et al., 2001	Attitude, Behavior and Biological Measures Reported arterial hypertension, Diabetes, Cigarette smoker, Sedentary, Weight, Height, Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, Waist and hip circumference, Exhaled carbon monoxide concentration, Fasting serum glucose and lipid profile, Electrocardiogram
Carleton RA., 1995	Attitude, Behavior and Biological Measures Reported smoking, Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, Weight, Height, Cholesterol serum concentration, Projected cardiovascular disease within 10 years
Huot I et al., 2004	Attitude, Behavior and Biological Measures Reported arterial hypertension, Diabetes, Hypercholesterolemia, Heart disease or other, Smoking status, Physical activity, Dietary behaviors, Self-reported weight and height Dietary behaviors – food frequency questionnaire adapted from the validated Ammerman Dietary Risk Assessment questionnaire: Global Dietary Index and Consumption Indices (for specific food groups – dairy products, meat products and major sources of fat)
Winkleby MA et al., 1996	Knowledge and Biological Measures Knowledge of cardiovascular diseases, Weight, Height, Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, Cholesterol and thiocyanate serum concentration, Exhaled carbon monoxide concentration, Coronary heart disease risk (morbidity and mortality in 12 years – Framingham)
Nguyen QN et al., 2012	Awareness, Attitude, Behavior and Biological Measures Reported current daily smoking, Heavy alcohol consumption, Physical inactivity, Salty diet, Weight, Height, Waist and hip circumference, Waist-hip ratio, Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, BMI, Prevalence of hypertension, Prevalence of obesity; Among hypertensives – Awareness, Being treated, Being monitored
Schuit AJ et al., 2006	Attitude, Behavior and Biological Measures History of coronary heart disease and smoking, Weight, Height, Waist circumference, Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, Serum cholesterol and glucose, Medication for hypertension, Medication for hyperlipidemia, BMI
Wendel-Vos CW et al., 2009	Attitude, Behavior Energy intake, Intake of saturated, polyunsaturated, and mono-unsaturated fat, Leisure-time physical activity, Walking, Bicycling, Sports, Smoking
Kottke TE et al., 2006	Awareness, Attitude, Behavior and Biological Measures Reported behavior change as a result of the program; Among smokers – Reported taking some action to quit smoking, Reported taking some action to try to lower cholesterol; If doing anything to lower cholesterol – Reported reducing fat in diet/watching diet/eating balanced diet/eating better to lower cholesterol, Reported number of fruit/vegetables and vegetable servings per day, Reported trying to increase the amount of exercise/day, Reported average minutes of physical activity/week, Reported doing any physical activity or exercise during past month, Zero tobacco use, Zero exposure to environmental tobacco smoke, Intake of 5 servings of fruits and vegetables/day; If diagnosed with coronary heart disease – Cholesterol<200 mg/dL, Systolic blood pressure<130 mmHg and Diastolic blood pressure<85 mmHg, BMI, Physical activity every day
Lupton BS et al., 2002	Attitude, Behavior and Biological Measures Daily smoking, Boiled coffee, Filter coffee, Low-fat milk, Unsaturated cooking fats, Unsaturated spreading fats, Physically active, Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, Cholesterol, BMI, Myocardial infarction risk score
Lupton BS et al., 2003	Attitude, Behavior and Biological Measures Daily smoking, Boiled coffee, Filter coffee, Low-fat milk, Unsaturated cooking fats, Unsaturated spreading fats, Physically active, Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, Cholesterol, BMI
Record NB et al., 2000	Biological Measures Age-adjusted total and heart disease death rates
Hoffmeister H et al., 1996	Attitude, Behavior and Biological Measures Smoking, Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, Total serum cholesterol and HDL, BMI
Luepker RV et al., 1994	Attitude, Behavior and Biological Measures Smoking, Physical activity, Blood cholesterol, Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, BMI, Coronary heart disease risk (according to the method of Truett et al. and coefficients by Leaverton et al.)
Weinehall L et al., 2001	Attitude, Behavior and Biological Measures Daily smoking, Total cholesterol, Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, Estimated coronary heart disease mortality risk (according to the North Karelia Project model)
Wood DA et al., 2008	Attitude, Behavior and Biological Measures Not smoking; Food habit questionnaire (validated against a 7-day diet diary): Saturated fat<10% of total energy, Fruit and vegetables>400 mg/day, Fish>20 mg/day, Fish oil>3x/week, Alcohol<30 g/day; BMI<25 kg/m2, Waist circumference≤80 cm for women and ≤94 cm for men, Physical activity (7-day activity recall) moderate intensity 30-45 minutes 4-5 times/week, Arterial pressure<140/90 mmHg or<130/85 mmHg in people with diabetes, Total cholesterol<5.0 mmol/L, LDL<3.0 mmol/L, Blood glucose<6.1 mmol/L; In patients with diabetes – Hemoglobin A1C<7%, medications as clinically indicated
Mortality rates MRFIT, 1990	Biological Measures Coronary heart disease, Cardiovascular heart disease and All-cause mortality.

BMI – Body mass index; HDL – High-density cholesterol; LDL – Low-density cholesterol.