Table 1.
Magnitude of change in ambulatory BP in response to pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic interventions in patients on dialysis
| Author | Year | n | Modality | Characteristics | Design | Intervention | Follow-Up | BP Assessment | Baseline BP, mmHg | CFB in BP, mmHg |
| Agarwal (59) | 1999 | 8 | HD | Untreated hypertension | Single-arm interventional | Atenolol (25 mg TIW postdialysis) | 3 wk | 44-h ABPM | 144/80 | −17/−11 |
| Agarwal et al. (60) | 2001 | 11 | HD | Uncontrolled hypertension with ≤2 antihypertensive drugs | Single-arm interventional | Lisinopril (10–40 mg TIW postdialysis) plus dry weight reduction | 4 wk | 44-h ABPM | 149/84 | −22/−11 |
| Vlassopoulos et al. (62) | 2002 | 10 | HD | Hypertension | Single-arm interventional | Atenolol (12.5–100 mg TIW postdialysis) | 5 wk | 44-h ABPM | MBP: 104±11.5 | MBP: −8.4 |
| Shimada et al. (63) | 2005 | 13 | HD | Hypertension | Single-arm interventional | Telmisartan (40 mg/d) | 8 wk | 24-h ABPM (dialysis off day) | Daytime: 151/77; nighttime: 154/75 | Daytime: −21/−9; nighttime: −21/−9 |
| Zheng et al. (64) | 2007 | 10 | HD | Treated hypertension | Single-arm interventional | Switching daily medications to trandolapril (2–8 mg), atenolol (25–100 mg), and/or amlodipine (5–10 mg) TIW | 2–10 wk | 44-h ABPM | 122.3/75.3 | −5.9/–4.9 |
| Agarwal et al. (14) | 2009 | 50 | HD | Hypertension | Control group of the DRIP trial | No BP-lowering intervention | 8 wk | 44-h ABPM | 146.4/83.4 | Week 4: −3.8/−3.0; week 8: −6.9/−3.9 |
| Agarwal et al. (14) | 2009 | 100 | Intervention group of the DRIP Trial | Probing of dry weight | 145.8/82.9 | Week 4: −10.7/−6.1; week 8: −13.5/−7.2 | ||||
| Agarwal et al. (15) | 2014 | 100 | HD | Hypertension with LVH | Atenolol group of the HDPAL trial | Atenolol (25–100 mg TIW postdialysis) plus dry weight reduction plus dialysate sodium reduction plus add–on antihypertensive therapy | 12 mo | 44-h ABPM | 151.5/87.1 | Month 6: −21.8/−13.3; month 12: −21.4/−12.5 |
| Agarwal et al. (15) | 2014 | 100 | Lisinopril group of the HDPAL trial | Lisinopril (10–40 mg TIW postdialysis) plus dry weight reduction plus dialysate sodium reduction plus add–on antihypertensive therapy | 151.9/87.2 | Month 6: −16.8/−9.7; month 12: −17.9/−9.6 |
CFB, change from baseline; HD, hemodialysis; TIW, three times per week; ABPM, ambulatory BP monitoring; MBP, mean BP; DRIP, Dry-Weight Reduction in Hemodialysis Patients; LVH, left ventricular hypertrophy; HDPAL, Hypertension in Hemodialysis Patients Treated with Atenolol or Lisinopril.