Table 5.

Randomized studies evaluating the effects of calcium-channel blockers in patients on dialysis

Author	Year	n	Modality	Characteristics	Design	Control Group	Intervention	Follow-Up	Outcome	Overall Effect	Details
Tepel et al. (51)	2008	251	HD	Hypertension	Double blind	Placebo	Amlodipine (10 mg/d)	19 mo	All-cause death, nonfatal stroke, MI, coronary revascularization, and angioplasty for PVD	Better	Amlodipine reduced the risk of all-cause mortality and future CV event relative to placebo (HR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.31 to 0.93)
Kojima et al. (77)	2004	10	HD	Hypertension	Open label, crossover	Nifedipine CR (20–40 mg/d)	Binedipine (4–8 mg/d)	4 wk	Change in 24-h BP	Better	Binedipine was superior to nifedipine CR in improving 24-h BP
Aslam et al. (52)	2006	19	HD	Hypertension	Double blind, crossover	Valsartan (up to 320 mg/d)	Amlodipine (5–10 mg/d)	6 wk	Change in 44-h BP and biomarkers of oxidative stress	Neutral	Amlodipine was no different from valsartan in reducing 44-h BP and markers of oxidative stress
Yilmaz et al. (53)	2010	112	HD	Nondiabetic hypertensive	Open label	Ramipril	Amlodipine (5–10 mg/d)	12 mo	Change in LVMI and carotid IMT	Neutral	Amlodipine and ramipril reduced to a similar extent LVMI and carotid IMT

HD, hemodialysis; MI, myocardial infarction; PVD, peripheral vascular disease; CV, cardiovascular; HR, hazard ratio; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval; CR, continuous release; LVMI, left ventricular mass index; IMT= intima-media thickness.