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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Nov 14.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Rev Microbiol. 2012 Jul 16;10(8):583–588. doi: 10.1038/nrmicro2837

Figure 1. The 100 μm freestyle swimming.

Figure 1

Contestants (and country of origin) by lane: (1) sodium-driven chimeric Escherichia coli, with multiple flagella (Japan); (2) proton-driven E. coli, with multiple flagella (USA); (3) sodium-driven Vibrio alginolyticus, with a single polar, clockwise locked ‘puller’ flagellum (that is, the flagellum pulls the cell body along behind it; Japan); (4) sodium-driven V. alginolyticus with a single polar, anticlockwise locked ‘pusher’ flagellum (that is, the flagellum pushes the cell body along in front of it; Japan); (5) proton-driven Pseudomonas aeruginosa, with a single polar flagellum (Australia); (6) proton-driven Rhodobacter sphaeroides, with a single subpolar flagellum (USA); (7) proton- driven Rhodospirillum rubrum, a spiral-shaped bacterium with multiple flagella at each pole to both push and pull (USA); and (8) proton-driven Yersinia enterocolitica, with multiple flagella (Belgium). See Supplementary information S1 (movie) for a video of the race.